The source of this uncorrected OCR text may be viewed in the DjVu format at: http://fax.libs.uga.edu/HD2951xC776/co32 or http://purl.galileo.usg.edu/ugafax/HD2951xC776/co32 \ COOPERATION ORGAN OF THE Consumers Cooperative Movement in the U. S. A. VOLUME XVIII January—December 1932 Published by the Cooperative League of U. S. A. 167 West 12th Street, New York City INDEX Aaltonen, Frank ............................•••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••• *37, About Foods and Markets ........................................-..-•-••••••••• Africa, Cooperation in ..........................••.••••••••••••••••••••••••••••• Agricultural Credit .....................•....-....-••--•••••-•••-•-••••••••••••••• Agricultural Machinery Testing Committee .......................-.....•••••••••••• Aims of the Cooperative Movement .....................-.-••••••-• • • • • • - • • • • • - • • • • Alanne, V. S. ............................................ 20, 30, 95, 113, 124, 131, Albrecht, A. E. ................................-..-•-.•-••-••••••••••••••••••-•• Amalgamated Cooperative Apartments ......................-.•••••••••••••••-•• 41, Amalgamated Credit Union ..............••.•••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••• Amalgamated Dwellings .................-.-----••••••••••••••••••-•••••••••••••• Argentina, Cooperation in ...................•••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••• Austria, Cooperation in .....................••>••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••• l-> Avey, R. D. ......................................••••••••••••••••••••••••••••• PAGE 37, 209 ... 179 ... 32 ... 237 ... 127 . .. 42 173 179 204 205 205 235 , 32 197 B Back-to-the~Land Movement Barringer, Cedric ......... Barter Instead of Money ... Battle Hymn of Cooperation Bergengren, R. F. 203, Bloomington Cooperative Society ........................••••••••••••••••••••••••• Board of Directors, C. L. U. S. A. .....................-.........-.-.-••-•••••••••• Bond, New Ruling on League ...........................•-.•••••••••••••••••••••• Bookkeeping ................................-.-••.•••••••••••••••••••••••••••••• Brands, Why You Should Buy Cooperative ............................-..••••••••• Borsodi, Ralph ........................................•••••••••••••••••••••••••• Boyazoglu, A. ]. .......................•.-••-••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••• Brayne, F. L. .....................................•.••••••••••••••••••••••••••• Brazil, Cooperation in ............................•••••••••••••••••••••••••••••-• Britain's Consumers Keep Shop ........................--.-..-•••••••••-••••••••• Brosius, Fritz ....................................••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••• Brotherhood of the Commonwealth ...........................-......-••••••••••••• Budget of The League ..............................•.-•••••••••••••••••••••••••• Builder, The Cooperative ......................................--•••••••••••• 47, 144 78 29 91 208 231 213 213 176 181 226 237 194 153 58 145 205 212 230 Calendars ............................................................. »• I44- Calhoun, A. W. ...................................----•--.••••••-•-•••••-•••• 58 •• "• Camp Germinal .................................•••.•••••••••• Canada, Cooperation in ............................••••••••••••• Canadian Cooperative Union, Congress of ....................••••••••••••••••••••• C-A-P Oil Association of Kettle River, Minn. .........................--..•••••••••• Capitalism ...................................•••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••• Capitalism Tries Suicide ........................-•-••••••••••••-•••• • • • • • • • • • •••• Central Cooperative Wholesale .....................-.-.-•-.--•-• 90, 114, 152, 167, Central States Cooperative League Congress ...................... - - - - • - - - - - - - - • - - - Chain Stores ..................................--•••-•••• 82- 8S- 13°- 15/ • 19/ • i61> Chase, Stuart .................................•••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••• Church Endorsement of Cooperation .......................-••.-•••••••.•••-•••••• Cloquet Cooperative Society ....................••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••• Clusa Service, Inc. ...............................•-.-•••••••••••••-••-•-•••• 31- Cohen, E. M. ............................•.-••••••••••••••••••-•••••••••••••••• Coleman, McAlister ...,.....................-.••••••••••-••••••••• • • • • • • • _• • • ••i' College, Cooperative .........................-..-.••••••••••••••• 104- 156- 202- Colleges are Teaching about Cooperation, What ................................... Colonies ........................-•••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••• Commercial Revolution in England ..................................-.•••••••••• 2 Competition ....................--...••.•••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••• 173 98 163 163 151 127 177 74 201 130 237 237 34 230 206 118 26 232 54 153 26 197 '..I INDEX PAGR Congress, 8th Biennial of C. L. U. S. A. .......................... 150, 161. 182, 201, 224 Consumers' Cooperative Housing Association ....................................... 204 Consumers' Cooperative Services ............................................... 47, 205 Consumers' Research ............................................. 67, 90, 102, 127, 175 Contest, Spirit of Cooperation ................................................ 187, 216 Cooley. L. P. ................................................................... 118 Cooley, Oscar .................................... 9, 29, 44, 51, 64, 84, 145, 171, 181, 198 Cooperation versus the State ...................................................... 33 Cooperative Italiana ............................................................. 53 Cooperative Bakerv of Brownsville & East New York ............................ 149, 205 Cooperative Fire Insurance Comoanies of Sullivan and Adjoining Counties ........ 107, 204 Cooperative I.cacme of the U. S. A. .......................................... 44, 201 Cooperative Month ................................................. 11, 164, 187, 231 Cooperative Trading Association. Brooklyn ........................................ 205 Cooperative Trading Company, Waukegan ......................................... 204 Correspondence School ....................................................... 10, 220 Craig, A. G. ................................................................... 18 Creameries ..................................................................... 68 Credit Pool ........................................... 121, 129, 158, 182, 186, 211, 212 Credit Trading, A Cause of Depression ..................................... ... 57 Credit Unions ................................................ 68, 167, 185, 208, 223 Crystal Cooperative Cleaners ..................................................... 70 Czecho-Slovakia, Cooperation in ............................................... 32, 194 D Deal, C. E. ................. ............ ..................................... 151 Definitions of Cooperation ....................................................... 81 Denmark, Cooperation in ................................................... 110, 189 Depression and Cooperation, The ................................. 8, 57, 64, 83, 144, 145 Dewey, John ................................................................... 46 Dues Basis ................................................................. 185, 212 E Eastern Cooperative Wholesale .................................................. 206 Economic Advance of British Cooperation ............. ........................... 118 Economic Philosophy ....................................... .. . . 45 Edberg, G. .......................................... .......................... 210 Education, Cooperative .......................................................... 209 Electricity, Cooperative .......................................................... 25 England, A Commercial Revolution in .............................................. 2 England, Cooperation in ..... 9, 12, 14, 26, 30, 50, 57, 71, 73, 92, 112, 132, 134, 153, 192, 235 Ettinger, Manford ............................................................... 97 Fairchild, H. P. ................................................................. 58 Falk, Hannah ................................................................... 38 Fallacy of Profits ............................................................... 58 Farber, Simon .................................................................. 214 Farm Bureau Cooperative Assocs. ................................. 61, 85, 124, 127, 206 Farmers .................................................. 43, 103, 167, 207, 223, 226 Farmer-Labor Party ............................................................. 223 Farmers Strike in Iowa ...................................................... 163, 196 Farmers Union, Barnes Co., N. D. ................................................ 109 Farmers Union Grain Co., Omaha ................................................. 89 Farmers Union State Exchange, Nebr. ............................... 46, 68, 85, 89, 151 Film Producers ................................................................. 235 Folk High Schools of Denmark ................................................... 189 Finland, Cooperation in .......................................................... 113 Fire Insurance .................................................................. 48 Foster, S. .......................................................'..'..'.'.'.'.'.'.'..','.'. 132 Fourier, Francois ............................................................... 3 France, Cooperation in ......................................... . 16 73, 112 193 France, History of C. W. S. of ................................................... 198 INDEX PAGE Franklin Cooperative Creamery ........................................... 31, 68, 201 Franklin Cooperative Women's Guild .............................................. 204 Franklin Credit Union ........................................................... 68 Gardner Cooperative Club ....................................................... 53 Germany, Cooperation in .............................................. 14, 16, 24, 92 Gide, Charles .................................................................. 62 Gilbert, Joseph ................................................... . .. . 230 Goss, A. S. ...................................................... 144, 178, 203, 206 Government Aid to Business .................................... .... 94 Grandahl, K. E. ................................................................ 136 Grange Cooperative Wholesale ................................................... 205 Grange Supply Co., Pullman, Washington ......................................... 166 Gray, Ralph H. ................................................................. 157 Guilds, The Cooperative ......................................................... 191 H Halonen, Arne ................................................................. 128 Halonen, George ............................................................ 208, 212 Harvard Cooperative Society ..................................................... 183 Hedebol, F. C. N. ....................................................... 110, 157, 189 Herron, L. S. ....................................................... 76, 157, 167, 237 Hough, E. M. ............................. .................................... 198 Housing ............................................................ 41, 47, 134, 138 Hubbardston Cooperative Club . 204 Hull, I. H. ..................................'.....'..'....'...'.'.'.'..'. .Y.Y.Y.Y.Y.Y 202', 207 Hyde, Wm. A. .............................................................. 213, 238 Illegal Use of Word Cooperation ................................................. 11 India, Cooperation in ............................................... 58, 138, 194, 198 Indiana Oil Cooperatives ...................................................... 61, 84- Indiana Farm Bureau Cooperative Assn. .............................. 61, 85, 86, 206 Insurance ........................................ 31, 48, 57, 70, 106, .206, 213, 235, 238 Institutes .......................................................... 69, 107, 141, 170 International Cooperative Women's Guild .......................................... 233 International Exchange ........................................................... 18 Italy, Cooperation in .......................................................... 13, 235 Jacobson, Geo. J 104 K Kanabec Co. Cooperative Oil Association ........................................ 85 Kastel, Mrs. A. A. .............................................................. 198 Kazan, A. E. ............................................................... 89, 207 Keen, George .................................................................. 151 \ INDEX PAGE London Society, Cooperation's Giant .............................................. 71 Long, Cedric ................................................................. '» '" Lloyd, T. J. .................................................................... 156 M McCarthy, C. ............................---..-----------.----•••-••••••••• I58- 22/ Mail Order, Cooperative ...........•.................................-••••••••••• 175 Malay States, Cooperation in .................................................... 235 Managers: An Editorial to Cooperative ........................................... 162 Manty, Charles ................................................................ I/I Martin, Tom ................................................................... 25 Martinek, J. ............................................................... 207, 209 Memorial Fund ................................................................. 212 Men's Guilds .................................................................. 192 Mercer, T. W. ............................................................ 93, 191 Mexico, Cooperation in .......................................................... 32 Midland Cooperative Oil Co. .................................................... 30 Milk Cooperatives ........................................................... 69, 103 Milk Producers Assoc., New England ............................................. 43 Miller, C. J. ................................................................... 168 Millions for Machines ...........................................•-•••••••••••••• 65 Music Plus Cooperation ......................................................... 184 My Point of View .................... 15, 33, 54, 74, 94, 115, 134, 154, 177, 196, 217, 236 N Natural Development Association ................................................ 203 Neglected Consumer, The ....................................................... 224 Negley, H. ...................................................................... 198 Negroes Cooperative League, Young ............................................ 87, 88 Neutrality, Political ........................................................... 22, 33 New Cooperative Co., Dillonvale .............................................. 106, 151 New Deal, The ................................................................ 237 New Era Life Association ............................................. 70, 107, 128, 232 Niemela, W. ................................................................... 108 Nicotri, G. .................................................................... 151 Nordby, H. I. ................................................................... 136 Northern States Cooperative League .................... 56, 70, 95, 131, 149, 185, 204, 230 N. S. C. L. Convention ..................................................... 129, 185 Northern States Cooperative Women's Guild ................................... 131, 201 Nurmi, H. V. .............:......... ......................... 136, 158, 203, 207, 212 o Ohio Farm Bureau .......................................................... 124, 127 Oil, Cooperatives ......................... 30, 47, 61, 86, 127, 128, 149, 166, 185, 202 On Doing Something About It ................................................... 217 Our Cooperative House ........................................................ 205 Our Credit Union ............................................................... 205 Our Economic Life in the Light of Christian Ideals ................................. 238 Owen, Robert .................................................................. 3 Ozanne, J. E. ................................................................... 125 Labor and Socialism ............................................................ 75 Land Tax ..................................................................... 134 Lanto, Helen H. ............................................................. 207, 210 League for Independent Political Action .......................................... 46. Lever, E. J. ..................................................................... 66 Liebman, H. ................................................................. 77, 209 Lifting Themselves by Their Boot-Straps ......................................... 196 Life as We have Known It, M. L. Davis ........................................... 37 Liljencrants, Johan .............................................-••..•.•••••••••• 234 Liukku, J. .................................................................. 203, 209 London Cooperative Society ............................................ 93, 112, 132 Palliatives, Sick of ..................................................... ........ 102 Patent Medicines, Consumer is Defenseless Against ................................ 182 Peace, The Prospect of World ................................................... 15 Peoples Year Book ............................................................... 38 Philosophy, Needed—A Better Understanding Of .................................. 5 Pioneers Calendar .......................................................... 144, 173 Plymouth Cooperator, Broadminded ............................................... 50 Poison for Profit ................................................................ 182 Politics and Cooperation ......................................................... 76 Prize Contest .................................................................. 11 Producer 6 Consumer Cooperation .................................. 43, 52, 56, 214, 232 X INDEX PAGE Produce Exchanges Should be Cooperative ......................................... 226 Production, Cooperative ....................................................... 45, 5-1 Prohibition and Profits .......................................................... 154 Propaganda, What Are the Aims of Cooperative ................................... 125 Publishing, Cooperative Book .................................................... 32 R Radio Station WEVD ...................................................... 107, 232 Regli, W. E. ....................................................... 89, 122, 158, 211 Relief, Back to the Land .......................................................... 83 Relief Money, Cooperative Workers Handle Own .................................. 47 Resolutions Passed at 8th Conqress of C. L. U. S. A. ............................... 213 Retail Distribution by Food Chains ................................................ 237 Retail vs. Wholesale ........................................................... 9 Review of International Cooperation .............................................. 18 Richardson. J. B. ................................................................ 78 Richland Co. Oil Company ....................................................... 166 Rochdale Pioneers .............................................................. 4 Rock Cooperative Company ..................................................... 204 Roumania, Cooperation in ........................................................ 153 Rush, W. W. .................................................................. 77 Russia, Cooperation in ................................................ 24, 32, 112, 153 Salerno, Joe ............................................................ 38, 208, 231 Sankari, H. O. .................................................................. 210 Schools ............................................ 31, 73, 104, 107, 141, 157, 184, 189 Schuyler. G. S. ................................................................. 88 Scotland, Cooperation in ................................................. 13, 32, 235 Seattle's Unemployed Citizen's Experiment in Cooperation ........................... 168 Secretary's Report, C. L. U. S. A. ................................................. 206 Skyscrapers & Tenements ....................................................... 161 Slums, Large-Scale Housing & Decentralization ..................................... 138 Smith, A. Eames ............................................................... 78 Social Universe, The ............................................................ 58 Socialism & Cooperation ....................................... 156, 197, 221, 227, 236 Songs, Cooperative ........................................................... 91, 98 Sports, Cooperative ................................ ............................ 235 Spencer. Herbert ................................................................ 35 State, Cooperation and the ....................................................... 78 Statistics ................................................................. 11, 71, 117 Stein, Emanuel ................................................................. 237 Store, The Cooperative ........................................................ 45 Stringham, Benjamin ............................................................ 2031 .style Builders Cooperative ................................................ 128, 152 Sunnyside Consumers' Cooperative ............................................ 205, 232 Suominen, John ................................................................. 208 Sweden, Cooperation in ................................................ 36, 194, 234 Switzerland, Cooperation in ................................................... 13, 92 Tariffs .................................................................. 57, 75, 103 Taxes ..................................................................... 124, 134 Taxes, The Remedy for High ................................................... 63 Theatre Ticket Agency .......................................................... 153 Thomas, Norman ................................................. 136, 157, 197, 227 Trade Union and Cooperation ............... ............. 127, 182, 194, 211 Travelling Shops ............................................................. 14, 78 Twigg, H. J. ................................................................... 118 Twin City Workers Cooperative ................................................. 70 Twin Lakes Cooperative Farm ................................................ 183, 214 Two Masters .................................................................. 18 Undertakers Fight Cooperation, Profiteering ....................................... 231 Unemployed and Cooperation, The .............................. 123, 142, 157, 168, 178 INDEX PAGE United Cooperative Farmers of Fitchburg .......................................... 52 United Cooperative Society of Fitchburg ...................................... 51, 204 United Cooperative Society of Maynard ......................................... 51, 204 United Cooperative Society of Quincy ................................... 53, 98, 204 Union Cooperative Workers ..................................................... 212 Union Labor .......................................................... .. 51 Union Oil Co., N. K. C. ........................................................ 128 Van Loon, H. W. ............................................................... 145 Virginia, Cooperation in ......................................................... 6 Virginia Work People's Trading Co. .............................................. 47 W Warbasse, J. P. 3, 8, 15, 33, 54, 62, 74, 94, 115, 134, 138, 154, 177, 196, 198, 209, 217, 224, 236 Ward, Gordon H. ............................................................... 5 Ward, Roswell .............................................................. 98, 129 Warinner, A. W. ..............\...................................... 131, 137, 172 Warne, C. E. .............................................................. 22, 34 Wash-Co-Egg & Poultry Association .......................................... 88, 90 Waukegan-North Chicago Cooperative Association ................................. 127 Webb, Sidney .................................................................. 35 Wells, H. G. ................................................................... 92 Whitnall, C. B. ................................................................ 158 Wholesales, Cooperative .................................................... 45, 235 Wholesale is Foundation Stone, Cooperative ....................................... 229 Whose Capital Is it? ............................................................ 29 Why Cooperation? ............................................................. 236 Why Jim Could Not Sell His Eggs ............................................... 108 Williams, Morris ............................................................... 227 Woman, The Plough ............................................................ 118 Women's Guilds ............................................. 131, 185, 191, 212, 233 Women's Cooperative Guild, Brooklyn ............................................ 205 Woodcock, L. E. ............................................................ 153, 179 Workers Cooperative Union, Lawrence, Mass. ............................ 38, 204, 231 Workers Cooperative Union, Stafford Springs ................................... 54, 206 Workers Credit Union, Fitchburg .............................................. 53, 204 Workingmen's Cooperative Co., Cleveland ......................................... 206 Workmen's Furniture Fire Insurance Co. .................................. 48, 165, 205 Wright, Edgar ................................................................. 95 Young Negroes Cooperative League ............................................ 87, 88 Young Negroes Cooperative League of Philadelphia ...................... . . 205, Youth Clubs ........................................................ 52,' 171, "l>4, 233 Youth League .............................................. 96, 123, 183, 201, 212, 216 Youth League Courses ....................................................... 141, 184 20 COOPERATION PUBLICATIONS —OF— THE COOPERATIVE LEAGUE HISTORICAL Per Copy Per 100 3. Story of Cooperation ..........? .10 $6.00 7. British Cooperative Movement.. .05 4.00 38. Consumers Cooperation in the United States (illus.), 1980.... .10 8.00 59. Cooperative Movement in Europe .05 4.00 64. Progress of Cooperation in United States ....................... ,06 4.00 69. Story of Toad Lane (By Stuart Chase) ...................... .05 4.00 TECHNICAL 4. How to Start and Run a Rochdale Cooperative Society .......... .25 16.00 6. A Model Constitution and By- Laws for a Cooperative Society .05 2.50 8. Cooperative Education. Duties of Educational Committee Defined .10 9. How to Start a Cooperative Whole sale ......................... .10 27. Why Cooperative Stores Fail.... .02 1.00 14. How to Start and Run a Women's Guild ........................ .10 15. How to Organize a District Coop erative League .............. .10 29. Credit Union Primer (By Ham aJid Robinson) .............. .50 nd fertilizers. London Society is growing rapidly. Its trade total in the last half-year was £4,749,577, an increase of £62,150. This contrasts with a money decrease (but tonnage increase) in the trade of most of the British societies. O. C. 10 COOPERATION COOPERATION 11 News and Comment THE CORRESPONDENCE SCHOOL ADVANCES One of the most highly seasonal educational activities of the coopera tive movement is that of The Cooper ative League Correspondence School. With itlhe approach of the first brisk Fall day, students who have, during the summer, almost deserted their lessons on the Principles of Con sumers' Cooperation or the technical .management or bookkeeping prob lems of the movement, again begin their studies. By the first of Decem ber old students are at work and new enrollments begin to come in. In four years, our studies have been taken by a considerable number of directors, and store managers, as well as by the interested members. The secretary of a large middle-western farmers' co operative has enrolled. The manager of a successful Ohio miners' store is a student. A theological graduate who has chosen not to preach but to de vote his life to cooperative organiza tion has taken more than one of our courses. A waiter in a Chinese res taurant in New York has signed up, wishing to take his training to assist in the development of ,the movement in China. In the Northwest, the courses have been used as a prelimi nary to the resident training schools. A group of interested managers and cleilks of a Western Canadian organi zation—(Saskatchewan—'-have as a group taken the lessons as a basis for their winter discussions. From Geor gia, from the New England states, from Montana—from every section of the country, registrations have come. The reasons given for taking the woirk are interesting and varied. One manager of an isolated Canadian so ciety, aged 49, wishes "to become a more useful coopera'tor." Another from Nova Scotia states: "I want to win promotion. I wash to read a bal ance sheet intelligently." A director of a Chinese academy presents as hi's reason a desire to teach cooperation at the academy at Chuanchow. Others suggest "to better myself for my posi tion," "to improve my knowledge of cooperation," "to become an organizer or field man" and "to become an active coioperator." At Waukegan, a number of cooper- ators have organized a class in which the excellent course on "The Organi zation and Administration of Cooper atives" is used as the basis for dis cussion. This course was written by Cedric Long who was so interested in developing a sound management for the movement that he added to his already-crowded schedule in prepar ing this course and personally cor rected the papers submitted by stu dents. One seasoned cooperator who has finished our courses writes us from Alberta: "With the extensive mechan ization of industry forecast for the coming decade, we may work to the end that a truer, deeper understand ing of the fundamentals of coopera tive philosophy may develop and that the system founded on that philo sophy may become more widely known, more thoroughly effective, and more practiced." In this period when apathy and financial difficulties have sapped the strength of many efforts toward workers' education, it is a source of satlsfacition to the cooperative move ment that its membership is contin uing in an ever-increasing way its interest in cooperative education. The present efforts are, however, not enough. More oooperators should send in their enrollment cards for the several courses offered. (See adver tisement in the back of this issue). If the cooperative movement is to ad vance, it must have an intelligent membership and trained executives in iits management. I TWICE AS MANY COOPERATORS AS TRADE UNIONISTS At the end of 1929 there were 44,- 190,525 members of trade unions throughout the world, according to figures in Current History Magazine- There is no, International trade union organization to which they belong. They are not united into a world movement. The figures of the International Cooperative Alliance show that its af filiated societies in forty-one coun tries in 1929 had 71,000,000 members. The cooperative societies not in the Alliance have fully 18,000,000 mem bers. Thus the cooperative movement is fully twice as large as the trade union movement. INCREASE IN ACTIVITIES Educational and recruiting activi ties reported from scores of societies in the N .S. C. L. district indicate that Cooperative Month was successful in the North Central States. While a few affiliated societies failed to make any special effort and same started in a belated fashion despite the call and announcements sent out by the na tional and district offices, neverthe less, concerted activities were at a higher mark during the first Cooper ative Month than ever before. Some societies, unable to arrange intended local campaigns or public affairs dur ing October, continued with their plans in November. Varied activities were sponsored by the local societies and auxiliary or ganizations, including house-to-house canvassing, public gatherings of all kinds, radio advertising, special cam paigns to distribute cooperative liter ature and secure subscribers to co operative publications, visiting days and specials at the stores, contests in securing new members, etc. In the various activities the Wo men's Cooperative Guilds and also the Cooperative Youth Leagues gave practical demonstration of their use fulness and further possibilities in building the movement. Since the Cooperative Month this year was the first sponsored by The Cooperative League throughout the country, it is fair to assume that in the N. S. C. L. district the experiences gained—including the lessons from possible blunders and shortcomings —will result in a greater amount oi continued educational and organiza tion effort and undoubtedly wiill con tribute to make the second Coopera tive Month in 1932 an even greater success. ILLEGAL USE OF WORD "CO OPERATIVE" One of New York's thousands of cheap "hash houses" was apparently inspired by the success of a nearby cafeteria of Consumers Cooperative Services. At any rate it hung out a sign "Cooperative Cafeteria." A member of the League staff who happened to see it dropped in and in quired how cooperative it was. The cashier explained that five lunch rooms belonging to the same man co operated with each other. Fortunate ly the New York Cooperative Corpo rations Law is one of the few in the country that has teeth. A letter to the appropriate State Department immediately brought a warning to the organization to discontinue using the word cooperative as they were not incorporated under the Coopera tive Corporations Law. Are there any fake cooperatives in your neighborhood? If there are and if your state law provides any penalty for the use of the word co operative by an ordinary business, it may be worth while to go after them. LEAGUE OFFERS $50 PRIZE The best painting to be submitted to the offices of The Cooperative League will win a cash prize of $50. This painting is to be used in itihe 1933 calendar, which will be distrib uted by cooperative societies. The painting must ihave genuine artistic value and must be symbolic of Cooperation. All enftries for ihhe contest should reach The League office before April 10th, 1932. 12 COOPERATION Cooperation Abroad BUYING ABROAD In 1930 the British Cooperative Wholesale Society spent for purchases abroad approximately $170,000,000. Of this there went to the Canadian Wheat Pool, $6,215,910; New Zealand Produce Association $4,884,210; Aus tralian Overseas Farmers' Coopera tive Federation Limited $3,304,855. Is it any wonder that the coopera tive movement desires free and un- trammeled arteries of world trade? COOPERATIVE COAL CARS Besides the ownership of the best run coal mines in England, the co operative societies are advancing to ward control of coal transportation. Several societies own boats for car rying their coal. The British Cooperative Union has recently established the Cooperative Coal Trade Association. This new or ganization has made a survey of the societies -and their coal facilities and finds a total of over 5,000 coal cars owned by the cooperative societies. This is the way cooperation works. Before acquiring locomotives and rail roads, it creates the goods to be dis tributed, then it learns how to dis tribute, and then it takes the next step. PROFIT BUSINESS FEELS ITS TOES PINCHED A lecture on cooperation was to have been broadcast by the British Broadcasting Corporation, govern ment-controlled radio system of that country, on November 5, but the plan ran against a snag—the organized opposition of private traders. The lecture was one of a current school series, and objection was raised to it on the ground that it would "tend to advertise 'the cooperative organiza tions." The B. B. C. issued a state ment saying that the lecture was being withdrawn in order that we "may reconsider the subject." CONSUMERS' SOCIETIES JOIN TO RUN DAIRIES Dairies run by federations of co operative societies seem to be on the increase in Britain. The plant of the Northwest Durham Cooperative Dai ries Federation began operations re cently. It can handle 500 gallons per hour and capacity can be raised to 1000 gallons per hour. This is the first venture of its kind in the north of England. The United Cooperative Dairies at Failsworth, in which six societies in cluding the C. W. S. are joined, is an other large venture of this kind which will soon commence operations. COOPERATIVE TANK CARS Two road-rail tanks for the trans portation of milk from farm to con sumer have been put into service by the English C. W. S. The milk is col lected from the farmers and brought to a central dairy, where it is trans ferred to the glass-lined tank, capac ity 2000 gallons. The tank is mounted on wheels, .as a trailer. It is hauled to the railroad station by a tractor and there placed on a specially designed fliait car and transported by swift train to the C. W. S. dairy in London. The milk is then siphoned out. The cooperative milk trade is being pushed rapidly in England. ONTARIO NOW HAS WHOLE SALE The farmers' distributive societies in the counties of Grey and Dufferin, Ontario, have formed a wholesale so ciety, to be known as The Ontario Co operative Wholesale Society, Ltd. By laws have been adopted and incor poration applied for. Warehousing of merchandise will not be attempted at first, while the society is small. Mem bership is open to all distributive so cieties in the province. COOPERATION 13 COOPERATIVE CONTROL OF BREAD PRICES IN SCOTLAND The largest bakery in Great Britain perhaps in Europe, is the United Co operative Baiking Society of Glasgow. Owing to its remarkable progress during the past years, the society controls the bread prices in the city. Since 1927 the number of its af filiated societies has increased from 227 to 242, sacks of flour baked per half year from 112,634 to 120,504 and sales from £662,238 to £674,760. The society produces the cheapest bread in Glasgow, the price of the 2 lb. loaf being at present 3%d compared with 5%d in 1927. In spite of the fact that the current price of flour would jus tify an increase in bread prices, the U. C. B. S. recently decided to make no change for the moment. As a re sult of this decision the private bakers were compelled to follow suit. A similar benefit has been conferred on consumers by the Tweeds'ide In dustrial Cooperative Society of Ber wickshire, which has reduced the price of the 4 lb. loaf during this year, first to 6d and then to 5d, with the result that the Society's bread trade increased during the month of Octo ber by about 12y2%. IN THE ALPS The 300 workers on the Berbellino Dam in the Italian Alps can now buy their supplies from a cooperative shop and canteen erected for their special benefit by joint action of the cooper ative society of Bergamo, the trade unions and the construction company. The shop is over a mile high (from sea level, not in price). The workers get their meals at a total coslt of one shilling per day. THAT'S A-TOOTIN' A cooperative store was recently opened in Tooting, a suburb of Lon don. "Within an Hour of the opening," we read in The Producer, "2366 cus tomers were served and 30 new mem bers enrolled." PRICE FIXING The Scottish Cooperative Whole sale Society has been experimenting with the fixing of prices at which its goods shall be resold by retail so cieties. Fixed prices on jams were in augurated last April. Jam sales of the S. C. W. S. since that time have in creased 30 per cent. One reason for the move was the 'tendency of retail societies to overcharge for S. C. W. S. products, thus placing these goods at a disadvantage in relation to compe tition. SWISS CONSIDER COMPULSORY TRADING The proposal to make it compul sory upon retail societies to buy all their goods from the national whole sale society, is being considered in Switzerland. At a conference of the Cooperative Managers Association, the proposal was approved by a vote of 30 to 12. A final decision, it is ex pected, will be made at the next An nual Congress of the Swiss Union. In support of compulsory trading, it was argued that the wholesale so ciety was strong enough to supply all the retail societies' needls. that those societies most loyal to the wholesale had made the most rapid and surest progress, and that the resultant heav ier trade of the wholesale would make possible greater efficiency. On the contrary, some claim that the fact that retail societies may buy where they please spurs the whole sale to greater efficiency—imuch as this theory savors of laissez faire eco nomics. Retail societies will undoubtedly protest against having their inde pendence infringed upon by a com pulsory trading rule. On the other hand, they may be led to adopt it for the good of the whole cooperative movement, and for the salke of keep ing their money from flowing into the pockets of private business, whence it may be used to do the co-ops real harm. 14 COOPERATION COOPERATION GIVES HOPE The German worlking people are turning to the cooperative societies for help in their present distress. Vollrath Klepzig, General Secretary of the Central Union of German Con sumers' Societies, writes: "We are enrolling new members in order to put a stop to the present dis tress. The small incomes of many millions of people call for wise spend ing, and money goes further when purchases are made at the cooper ative store. For consumers' societies were, are, and always will be, a pro tection for the wea:k against economic domination and injustice. It is signi ficant that the general impoverish ment, which Is so characteristic of the present day, has not destroyed the confidence of the consumers in the disinterested work of the con sumers' societies. We are enrolling new members in order to turn the thoughts of consumers towards an attainable goal. The worries and cares of the present time confuse the mind and darken the outlooik of the con sumer; the fear of the future weak ens his courage and poisons his en joyment of life. The mental strain of those who are forced to, be idle against their will must be relieved. This can only be accomplished by a conscious effort to dispel their daily cares by strengthening their faith in their future and their own power. The consumers' movement, which has grown up from nothing to one of the strongest economic movements in the world, Invites and deserves such faith. "We are enrolling new members in order to gain recognition for the eco nomic services rendered by con sumers' societies!. Their work in the past few years has secured immense advantages not only for the members of consumers' societies but for all consumers in, Germany. The price policy pursued by cooperative socie ties is chiefly responsible for the fact that the food prices of the private dealers have been kept within rea sonable bounds. We are enrolling new members because the economic im portance and the moral significance of the consumers' movement are worthy of greater recognition than they have hitherto received. The im portance of the consumers' movement is seen in the dimensions and eco nomic power of the consumers' so cieties. Its -moral force, however, emanates from unflinching loyalty to the ideals of self-help." Konsumgenossenschaftliche Rund schau (Hamburg) October 31, 1931. COOPERATIVE PRICES LOWEST A striking confirmation of the fact that the prices of consumers' societies are lower than those of retail dealers is furnished by the comparison be tween the prices charged by the Ger man Consumers' Societies for 24 com modities in 19 large cities and those charged for the same commodities in the same cities by private traders, which has just been published by the Central Union of German Consumers' Societies. Basing itself on the returns of the Governmental Department of Statistics which issues a monthly list of prices for 24 commodities in 19 large German cities, the Central Union has drawn up an identical list of average prices. This list reveals the fact that the average price of 22 out of the 23 commodities for which a comparison was possible is lower in the consumers' societies. The re duction in the price of the goods sold in consumers' stores varies between 1.3% for sugar and 20.0% for pota toes. Only in regard to farm butter, which 6 of the 19 consumers' societies distribute, is the comparison un favorable to the consumers' store, margarin being 'most commonly used by cooperative societies. SHOPS ON WHEELS The British cooperative movement has 1000 "traveling shops." 621 of these were built by the C. W. S. COOPERATION 15 AUSTRIAN WHOLESALE CON TRIBUTES TO UNEMPLOYED For every ten pair of shoes manu factured by the Austrian Cooperative Wholesale Society, and distributed to the Austrian cooperative consumers' societies, between September 15 and December 1, the Wholesale gave one pair of shoes free for distribution by the societies among the children of their unemployed members. The Wholesale has also renounced all profits on shoes and distributes them directly at cost with the view of im mediate help to the unemployed. SYDNEY MINES CELEBRATES The British Canadian Cooperative Society, of Sydney Mines and Glace Bay, Nova Scotia, celebrated its 25th anniversary recently. This, says The Canadian Cooperator, is the largest cooperative store organization in North America. Certainly it is in the front rank. Its sales last year were $1,446,570.84, and its membership 3437. During the twenty-five years it has sold $20,335,768.19 worth of goods, and its customers have received dur ing that period $2,075,376.52 in pur chase rebates. My Point of View By J. P. Warbasse THE PROSPECT OF WORLD PEACE The cost to the great powers of car rying their military equipment is so large that even the most militaristic know that this burden is growing too heavy to bear. The countries nearest approaching prosperity, as well as security, are those with the least military burden. Denmark, abolishing her army and navy, leads the way. So obvious is the need of disarma ment that peaceful people are look ing toward the Disarmament Con ference, scheduled to be held in Gen eva, in February, as the next essen^ tial step toward the rehabilitation of the world. A Glance at History One country stands in the way of peace; that is France. The French politicians seem bent on preventing peace among the nations. As we contemplate the history of France, we wonder how that country ever beguiled the western world with the notion that she was naturally a peaceful nation. Her ruling class seem to have had war-making as one of their supreme objects, and they have succeeded in cajoling the masses to follow them into their wars. From the time the Franks con quered Gaul in 'the Fifth Century, the rulers of France have been more oc cupied in promoting great wars than any other European class. After Clovis made war on the Gauls, killed Alaric the Goth, estab lished his capitol at Paris, and em braced Christianity, the French rulers have been busy with warlike pursuits. A history of fifteen hundred years, replete with invasions of neighbor lands by French armies, does not of fer much encouragemeint of peace. Charlemagne's conquest of Savoy and Lombardy, the crusades of the Louis, the conquest of Naples and Sicily by the brutal Charles of An- jou, the religious wars of the XVI Century, the war against Holland and the Seven Years War were followed by Boneparte, the most destructive madman to whom any nation ever gave allegiance. Beginning with war against Italy, France backed Napo leon in his endeavor to invade and conquer all of Europe. For nearly twenty years this warfare went on until it was checked at Waterloo with the defeat of the French armies. For fifty years after this, French literature was filled with sneers at the German people for being a "na tion of philosophers and musicians" 16 COOPERATION afraid to fight. Then came the Fran co-Prussian war. France was the ag gressor and attacked Germany. "The greatest national crime that we have had the pain of recording... War is declared—an unjust but premeditated war" (London Times, 16 July, 1871). When the German people united and beat off France, in 1871, the Germans became a united and militarist people. For over forty years hatred between France and Germany was promoted by the armament makers and the chauvinists of both lands. Germany forged ahead as an industrial coun try, and was rapidly moving toward the front in commerce. Her militarist class, headed by a preposterous and braggart Kaiser, became both dan gerous and offensive. Germany's con quest of the markets of the world, however, was her chief offense. Then came the inevitable great war caused largely by envy and by the intrigue of French politicians who corrupted still more a corrupt ruling class in Russia. This war against Germany, planned by French diplomats, and started by France and Russia, had be hind it the concealed and sinister hand of the diplomats of England in support of its instigation. Revenge is not Peace Then caime the Treaty of Versailles, dictated by revengeful old men, the most vicious of whom was Clemen- ceau, and the most stupid of whom was Wilson. A peace was made that could only guarantee future wars, and the League of Nations was established to insure that the iniquitous guaran tees were enforced. And they have been. Hatred between the dismem bered parts of Germany and Austria and their neighbors has been kept alive by the provisions of the Ver sailles treaty. During 'the war Germany was blockaded and shut off from the rest of the world. Children starved and died. Now it seems that the rest of the world has recanted, but the French politicians remain set upon further destruction. Armed more fully than ever, with England and every neigh bor afraid of her, France's politicians stand solidly and unrepentant for mMtariism. French diplomats block the advances for peace. They insist on the new generation of people pay ing for the war that ended fourteen years ago, and paying beyond their ability to pay, for the poverty of Germany grows more desperate day by day. Friendly business intercourse be tween Germany and Austria is block ed by French politics. The tariff bar riers that keep the peoples apart, French politicians insist must remain. The French government strenuous ly opposes inquiry into the cause of the great war, proposed by Germany, knowing full well that the French guilt would be disclosed. The French politicians apparently desire the de struction of the German nation, and the reduction of the German people to chaos, poverty and death. Every other nation seems to .know that such a calamity would damage the whole world. The pious pretenltion of the French State, that It wants only security against attack, is quite like the simi lar hypocrisy of our own patriots who ignore the fact that in every one of our foreign wars the United States has been the aggressor in attack. The French Danger The wealthy French armament makers are busily promoting mili tarism in Poland, Czecho-Slovakia and the Balkan countries. A meeting in Paris for the dis cussion of reduction of armaments has been broken up by a mob while the police stood by and waltched; and the next day practically the entire Parisian press applauded the mob and the police. The French politicians, in controi of the Government,, are as low a grade as our own. The press is venal and corrupt, and the public that looks to COOPERATION 17 it for information is ignorant of the international situation. So strong is French militarism that it now seems that the long antici pated conference at Geneva for the discussion of reduction of armaments may not take place. However, there is still hope that other nations will meet. All but the representatives of France will prob ably be ready to make concessions to peace. And they must, or their military burdens will destroy them. The hope of .peace lies not in the moral sentiment in these countries so much as in the pressing need of economy. Their battleships are break ing their backs. It is possible that they may take the way of peace to save themselves. Militarism! is too ex pensive. The replacing of the War Depart ment in every country with a Depart ment of Peace, the elimination of war profits, the .establishment of inter national police, the economic boycott, the sympathetic union of the non belligerent countries, and mutual ar ticles of peace should ultimately im press the French politicians with the disadvantages- of continuing their war promoting attitude and should prove the folly of militarism. Hope Springs Eternal Fortunately there is in France a well developed movement for peace. Groups of respected people, who un derstand this world situation, are working for better international un derstanding. The press and the poli ticians of France do not deceive all of the population. Highly significant, as an agency of peace, is the French Cooperative Movement. Its leaders are men with broad international sympathies. They are opposed to War and have repeat edly gone on record in favor of inter national peace. They rise above the chauvinism of the militaristic rabble who are inspired by the business in terests that thrive on war prepara tions. The cooperators stand apart as a solid phalanx advancing toward in ternational harmony and under standing. If the French government were wise enough to take the cooperative leaders into its councils, France might be saved from the isolation that threatens. The influence of French cooperators on the politicians could only be for good. The French Cooperative Movement is a potent part of the International Cooperative Alliance, the only inter national union of peoples that is moving on toward world peace in a practical and fundamental way. And thus the world may look with hope toward French cooperation as an in fluence for peace at a time when such an influence is most needed. But neither cooperators nor paci fists can bring peace while politicians, as the agents of profit business, rule the affairs of nations. Conscientious objection to war cannot be effective unless it is associated with active ob jection to economic hostilities. Mental disarmament is also needed. Conscientious objection to patriot ism is essential. It is as essential as conscientious objection to war. Chauvinism in every nation .must be scrapped along with the cannon and battleships. Mental disarmament must go hand in hand with military disarmament. Little hope of peace can exist with the business of the world based on capitalist economics and profit-get ting. AH talk of peace ultimately coimes to naught. Still we should be interested in the palliatives of disarmament because we do not want the disorder which further collapse of capitalism would bring. The cooperative societies need on ly time and patience to go on with their great work of reorganizing the economic system of the world. Anid it can be done without asking the peo ple to suffer more. 18 COOPERATION Books TWO MASTERS, By Ardhifoald Gordon Craig, 193,1. Published by the Author, 100 Clinton Ave., Jersey City; N. J. Clotih, 75 cents1; paper, 50 cents, postpaid. This book discusses the teachings of Jesus as a contribution to sociology. It is for ,the religious. But in the documentation of religion is much wisdom which is applicable to the af fairs of life. When it is said, "Where thy treasure is there will thy heart be also," the weakness of human na ture is proclaimed. People want pro perty. They want things. And in the getting of things they are prone to lose sight of the better life and the finer values. This book shows the con flict between these two principles. It calls them God and Mammon. It is an illuminating discussion of relig ious principles wisely interpreted in the light of modern social conditions. THREE LANGUAGES AND CO OPERATION The Review of International Co operation, the official organ of the International Cooperative Alliance, is published monthly in three different language editions—German, English and French. The circulation is as fol lows: German edition, 2,445; English edition, 1,044; French edition, 765. The circulation is mostly in Europe and especially among leaders, writers, and executives of the cooperative movement. These figures, however, are a fair average of the relative prevalence and importance of the three languages in the European countries. DO YOU WANT TO MAKE FRIENDS ABROAD? About two years ago, the Ediiftor of the "Genossenschaftsfamttie," the Cologne Gepag journal, created the "International Exchange" which serves as a link between German and foreign coeperators, who desire to correspond or to exchange postage stamps and picture post cards. The experiences, which have been made in Germany with this new institution are very gratifying. Many German cooperators, of various ages, have made friends in other countries. Thousands are exchanging stamps and thus enriching their collections. Others are bent on coMectfing picture post cards with views of other coun tries and on sending in return views of German towns, famous buildings and beauty spots. To establish contact, send your ad dress and age to the Editor of Co operation, 167 West 12th St., New York City. All true cooperators patronize THE NEW ERA LIFE ASSOCIATION (Established 1897) A strictly cooperative life insurance institution. Member of the Northern States Cooperative League. All standard forms of life insurance contracts written. Funeral Benefit and Disability insurance for only $1.00 a month! WE CAN INSURE YOU BY MAIL without medical examination! For full particulars clip this coupon and mail it to: NEW ERA LIFE ASSOCIATION, Grand Rapids, Mich. Name: . Address: COOPERATION 19 COOPERATIVE DEMOCRACY Second Edition completely revised by JAMES PETER WARBASSE President of The Cooperative League of the United States of America Member of. the Central Committee of the International Cooperative Alliance A Discussion of the Consumers' Cooperative Movement in Its Relation to the Political State, to the Profit System, to Labor, to Agriculture and to the Arts and Sciences The Maomillan Co., New York, Publishers Order from The Cooperative League, 167 West 12th St., New York, TJ. S. A. Price, $1.50. The Cooperative Union, Holyoake House, Han over St., Manchester, England. Price 6 sh. German Edition: Verlagsgeseilschaft deutscher Konsumvereine, Strohhause 3S, Hamburg, Germany. Price, 6 marks. FIRE INSURANCE ON YOUR FURNITURE SAFE—ECONOMICAL—COOPERATIVE WORKMEN'S FURNITURE FIRE INSURANCE SOCIETY 227 East 84th St., New York, N. Y. Member of the Cooperative League of the U. S. A. Under supervision of N. Y. State Insurance Department. STUDY COOPERATION AT HOME Correspondence Courses prepared and conducted by experienced cooperators are now ready 1. Elementary English 2. Commercial Arithmetic 3. Bookkeeping for Cooperators 4. Advanced Course in Bookkeeping 5. Principles and Theory of Cooperation 6. Organization and Administration of Cooperatives For full particulars write THE COOPERATIVE LEAGUE 167 West 12th Street New York City The Cooperative Builder An official organ of CENTRAL COOPERATIVE WHOLESALE An interesting and lively cooperative journal published semi-monthly at Superior, Wis. Subscribe now! Subscription rate $1.00 per year. CENTRAL COOPERATIVE WHOLESALE Superior, Wis. The Canadian Cooperator Brantford, Ontario, Canada The organ of the Canadian Coopera tive Movement, ovraed by anil con ducted under the auspices of The Co operative Union of Canada. Published monthly 75c per annum COOPERATION, 167 West 12th Street, New York. Please send COOPERATION for one year to Name____________________-.____ 01.00 a year Address- 40 COOPERATION PUBLICATIONS —OF— THE COOPERATIVE LEAGUE HISTORICAL Per Copy Per 100 .10 ?6.00 .05 4.00 3. Story of Cooperation .. 7. British Cooperative Movement.. 88. Consumers Cooperation in the United States (illus.), 1930.... .10 8.00 59. Cooperative Movement in Europe .05 4.00 64. Progress of Cooperation in United States ....................... .06 4.00 69. Story of Toad Lane (By Stuart Chase) ...................... .05 4.00 TECHNICAL 4. How to Start and Run a Rochdale Cooperative Society .......... .25 15.00 6. A Model Constitution and By- Laws for a Cooperative Society .05 2.50 8. Cooperative Education. Duties of Educational Committee Defined .10 9. How to Start a Cooperative Whole sale ......................... .10 27. Why Cooperative Stores Fail.... .02 1.00 14. How to Start and Run a Women's Guild ........................ .10 15. How to Organize a District Coop erative League .............. .10 29. Credit Union Primer (By Ham and Robinson) .............. .50 4S. Cooperative Housing ............ .10 51. Model Lease for Cooperative Apartment House ............ .10 MISCELLANEOUS 16. Model Co-op State Law ........ .10 46. Producers' Cooperative Industries .10 11. Control of Industry by the People through the Co-op Movement .10 12. Credit Union and Cooperative Store ........................ .05 1.75 13. The Place of Cooperation Among Other Movements ............ .25 34. Cooperative Movement (Yiddish) .02 1.25 36. "When the Whistle Blew" (Story. by Bruce Calvert) .......... 06 42. Cooperative Homes for Europe's Homeless .................... .10 55. A Better World to Live In .... .05 57. How a Consumers' Cooperative Differs from Ordinary Business .02 .85 62. Buttons (League emblem), " % inch diameter ............... .05 2.00 63. Sign or Transparency of League Emblem. Green and gold, 8 in. diameter .................... .26 15.06 67. Stock certificates, engraved, with League Emblem. Bound in books of 100, 200, or 250 63. To Mothers ................... .02 1.00 70. Farmers' Cooperation, A Way Out: An address by L. S. Herron. . .06 4.00 71. International Cooperation: An ad dress by H. J. May ......... .10 72. "Little Lessons in Cooperation" 35 73. Propaganda Posters .......... .10 74. The Burden of Credit ......... .02 1.00 76. What is the Cooperative Store.. .02 1.00 76. What is Consumers' Cooperation .05 4.00 77. The Most Necessary Thing in Life ......................... .02 1.00 78. Are You Sure You Are Getting Your Money's Worth ........ .02 1.00 79. There Are Two Sides to Every Counter ...................... .02 1.00 ONE-PAGE LEAFLETS (One Cent each; 50 Cents per 100; $2.60 per 600: ?4.00 per 1,000.) (20) Why Loyalty Is Necessary; (21) Cost and Crime of Credit; (25) Resolutions Adopted by A. F. of L.; (26) Factory Workers Cooperate!; (28) Do You Know About Cooperation in Europe?; (40) Have You a Committee on Education and Recreation?; (45) Schools and Stores. MONTHLY PUBLICATIONS Cooperation—(In bundle lots, $7.50 per hundred). Subscription, per year (foreign, $1.26).... $1.00 REVIEW OF INTERNATIONAL COOPERATION (Pub. by the I. C. A.) ........ Per Year, ?1.50 BOOKS The following books are recommended as con taining the best discussion of the model i Coopera tive Movement. They may be ordered through The League, postpaid as follows: Bergengren, R. F.: Credit Union, A Cooper ative Banking Book .................. $1.50 Blanc, Elsie T.: Cooperative Movement in Russia ............................... ?2.50 Brightwill, L. R.: Animal "Co-op" Book— For Children ........................ .15 Chase and Schlink: Your Money's Worth, A Book for Consumers ............... 2.10 Fianagan, J. A.: Wholesale Cooperation in Scotland, 1920 ........................ 2.10 Gide, C.: Consumers' Cooperative Societies, American edition and notes, 1922. Cloth 2.00 Hall, Prof. Fred: Handbook for Members of Cooperative Committees ............. 2.50 Harris, Emerson P.: Cooperation, The Hope of the Consumer, 1918. Paper bound .... .70 Holyoake: Rochdale Pioneers ............ 1.10 Indian Cooperation, Children's story ...... .15 Jessness, O. B.: Cooperative Marketing of Farm Products ....................... 3.10 Kayden, E. M., and Antsiferov, A. N.: Cooperative Movement in Russia During the War ............................. 4.26 Madams, J. P.: The Story Retold ........ .86 Mears and Tobriner: Principles and Prac tices of Cooperative Marketing ........ 3.30 Nicholson, Isa: Our Story ................ .25 Odhe, Thorsten: Finland, A Nation of Co- operators ............................. 1.50 Oerne, Andres: Cooperative Ideals and Problems ............................. 1.35 Owen, Robert: Autobiography ............ .50 Poisson, E.: The Cooperative Republic.... 1.85 Potter, B.: Cooperative Movement in Great Britain ............................... 1.10 Redfern, Percy: The Story of the C. W. S. 2.25 Redfern. Percy: The Consumers' Place in Society, 1920 .......................... 1.00 Smith-Gordon & Staples: Rural Recon struction in Ireland, 1918 ............ 1.00 Smith-Gordon and O'Birien: Cooperation in Denmark ............................. 1.10 Smith-Gordon and O'Brien: Cooperation in Many Lands, 1920 .................... 1.60 Stolinsky, A.: The Cooperative Movement. (In Yiddish) ......................... 1.00 Warbasse, J. P.: Cooperative Democracy, (1927) ............................... 1.50 Warbasse, J. P.: What Is Cooperation, 1927 .75 Warne, C. E.: Consumers' Cooperative Move ment in Illinois ...................... 3.50 Webb, B. and S.: The Consumers' Coopera tive Movement, 1921 .................. 6.60 Webb, Catherine: Industrial Cooperation, 1917 .................................. 1.60 Woolf, Leonard: Cooperation and the Fu ture of Industry ..................... 1.65 Cooperation, Bound Volumes, 1915 to 1931 inclusive, each ....................... 1.26 Report of the American Cooperative Con gresses, 1920, 1922, 1924, 1926, 1928, each 1.00 Northern States Year Book, 1928. Paper.. .60 The People's Year Book, 1932, Cloth, $1.35; paper bound .......................... .85 Year Book of The Cooperative League, 1932, Cloth, ?1.50: paper bound ............ 1.06 Raivaaja Publishing Co., Fitchburg, Mass. If A magazine to spread the knowledge of the Cooperative Movement, where by the people, in voluntary associa tion, produce and distribute for their own use the things they need. Published monthly by THE COOPERATIVE LEAGUE OF THE U. S. A. 167 West 12th Street, New York City Entered as Second Class matter, December 19, 1917, at the Post Office at New York, N. T., under the Act of March 3, 1879. Price $1.00 a year. VOL. XVIII, No. 2 FEBRUARY, 1932 10 CENTS THE COOPERATIVE MOVEMENT AND POLITICS By Colston E. Warne AN ANSWER By Dr. J. P. Warbasse COOPERATIVE ELECTRICITY By Tom Martin A COMMERCIAL REVOLUTION IN ENGLAND By MacAlister Coleman 22 COOPERATION The Cooperative Movement and Politics By Colston E. Warne, I. A persistent fallacy has too long dominated cooperative thinking in the United States. It is the feeling that the cooperative movement should maintain an attitude of aloof ness toward politics. This feeling has been based upon the following arguments: (1) That political activities in which the co operative might engage would divert interest from cooperation and thus lessen its business success; (2) that political interests would cause con troversy in the ranks of cooperators, splitting them between democratic, republican, progressive, socialist, and communist cooperators. Unity would be lacking; (3) that political activity would cause retaliation by the domi nant, reactionary political parties in the form of higher taxation for co operatives and adverse legislation o