CONSTITUTION"
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OF THE 

CONFEDERATE STATES 01 ABERICA. OS!'TIS) STATES OF AMERICA. 

WE, the people of the Confeder 
ate States, each State acting in its 
sovereign and independent charac 
ter, in order to form a permanent 
federal government, establish justice, 
insure domestic tranquility, and se 
cure the blessings of liberty to our 
selves and our posterity—invoking 
the favor and guidance of Almighty 
God—do ordain and establish this 
Constitution of the Confederate States 
of America. 

ARTICLE I. 

SECTION I. 

1. All legislative powers herein del 
egated shall be vested in a Congress 
of the Confederate States, which 
shall consist of a Senate and House 
of Representatives. 

SECTION II. 

1. The House of Representatives 
shall be composed of members chosen 
every second year by the people of 
the several States; and the electors 
in each State shall be citizens of the | 
Confederate States, and have the 
qualifications requisite for electors of 
the most numerous branch of the 
State Legislature; but no person of 
foreign birth, not a citizen of the 
Confederate States, shall be allowed 
to vote for any officer, civil or polit 
ical, State or federal. 

2. No person shall be a Represen 
tative, who shall not have attained 
the age of twenty-five years, and be 
a citizen of the Confederate States, 

WE, the people of the United 
States, in order to form a more per 
fect union, establish justice, insure 
domestic tranquility, provide for the 
common defence, promote the gen 
eral welfare, and secure the blessings 
of liberty to ourselves and our pos 
terity, do ordain and establish this 
Constitution for the United States of 
America. 

ARTICLE I. 

SECTION I. 

1. All legislative powers herein 
granted, shall be vested in a Con 
gress of the United States, which 
shall consist of a Senate and House 
of Representatives. 

SECTION II. 

1. The House of Representatives 
shall be composed of members chosen 
every second year by the people of 
the several States; and the electors 
in each State shall have the qualifi 
cations requisite for electors of the 
most numerous branch of the State 
Legislature. 

2. No person shall be a Represen 
tative who shall not have attained to 
the age of twenty-five years, and 
been seven years a citizen of the 

and who shall not, when elected, be 
an inhabitant of that State in which 
he shall bo chosen. 

3. Representatives and direct tax 
es shall be apportioned among the 
several States which may be includ 
ed within this Confederacy, accord 
ing to their respective numbers— 
which shall be determined by adding 
to the whole number of free persons, 
including those bound to service for 
a term of years, and excluding In 
dians not taxed, three-fifths of all 
slaves. The actual enumeration shall 
be made within three years after the 
first meeting of the Congress of the 
Confederate States, and within every 
subsequent term of ten years, in such 
manner as they shall, by law, direct. 
The number of Representatives shall 
not exceed one for every fifty thou 
sand, but each State shall have, at 
least, one Representative ; and until 
such enumeration shall be made, the 
State of South Carolina shall be en 
titled to choose six, the State of 
Georgia ten, the State of Alabama 
nine, the State of Florida two, the 
State of Mississippi seven, the State 
of Louisiana six, and the State of 
Texas, six. 

4. "When vacancies happen in the 
representation from any State, the 
Executive authority thereof shall is 
sue writs of election to fill such va 
cancies. 

5. The House of Representatives 
shall choose their Speaker and other 
officers, and shall have the sole pow 
er of impeachment; except that any 
judicial or other federal officer resi 
dent and acting solely within the 
limits of any State, may be impeach 
ed by a vote of two-thirds of both 
branches of the Legislature thereof. 

SECTION III. 

1. The Senate of the Confederate 
States shall be composed of two Sen 
ators from each State, chosen for six 
years by the Legislature thereof at 
the regular session next immediately 

United States, and who shall not, 
when elected, be an inhabitant of 
that State in which he shall be 
chosen. 

3. Representatives and direct tax 
es shall be apportioned among the 
several States which may be includ 
ed within this Union, according to 
their respective numbers, which shall 
be determined by adding to the 
whole number of free persons, in 
cluding those bound to service for a 
teim of years, and excluding Indians 
not taxed, three-fifths of all other 
persons. The actual enumeration 
shall be made within three years 
after the first meeting of the Con 
gress of the United States, and with 
in every subsequent term of ten 
years, in such manner as they shall, 
by law, direct. The number of Rep 
resentatives shall not exceed one for 
every thirty thousand, but each State 
shall have, at least, one Representa 
tive; and until ,such enumeration 
shall be made, the State of New 
Hampshire shall be entitled to choose 
three, Massachusetts eight, Rhode 
Island and Providence Plantations 
one, Connecticut, five, New York 
six, New Jersey four, Pennsylvania 
eight, Delaware one, Maryland six, 
Virginia ten, North Carolina five, 
South Carolina five, and Georgia 
three. 

4. When vacancies happen in the 
representation from any. State, the 
Executive authority thereof shall is 
sue writs of election to fill up such 
vacancies. 

5. The House of Representatives 
shall choose their Speaker and other 
officers, and shall have the sole .pow 
er of impeachment. 

SECTION in. 

1. The Senate of the United States 
shall be composed of two Senators 
from each State, chosen by the Leg 
islature thereof, for six years; and 
each Senator shall have one vote. 

preceding the commencement of the I 
term of service; and each Senator | 
shall have one vote. 

2. Immediately after they shall be 
assembled, in consequence of the first 
election, they shall be divided as- 
equally as may be into three classes. 
The seats of the Senators of the first j 
class shall be vacated at the expira 
tion of the second year; of the sec 
ond class at the expiration of the 
fourth year; and of the third class 
at the expiration of the sixth year; 
so that one-third may be chosen eve 
ry second year; and if vacancies 
happen by resignation, or otherwise, 
during the racess of the Legislature 
of any State, the Executive thereof 
may make temporary appointments 
until the next meeting of the Legis- ' 
lature, which shall then fill such va 
cancies. ; 

3. No person shall be a Senator . 
who shall not have attained the age 
of thirty years, and be a citizen of 
the Confederate States; and who 
shall not, when elected, be an inhab 
itant of the State for which he shall 
be chosen. 

4. The Vice President of the Con 
federate States shall be President of 
the Senate; but shall have no vote, 
unless they be equally divided. I 

5. The Senate shall choose their ] 
other officers; and also a President 
pro tempore in the absence of the 
Vice President, or when he shall ex 
ercise the office of President of the 
Confederate States. 

6. The Senate shall have the sole 
power to try all impeachments. When 
sitting for that purpose, they shall be 
on oath or affirmation. When the 
President of the Confederate States 
is tried, the Chief Justice shall pre 
side ; and no person shall be con 
victed without the concurrence of 
two-thirds of the members present. 

7. Judgment in cases of impeach- i 
ment shall not extend further than | 
to removal from office, and disquali 
fication to hold and enjoy any office 
of honor, trust or profit under the 
Confederate States; but the party 
convicted shall, nevertheless, be lia 
ble and subject to indictment, trial, 

2. Immediately after they shall be 
assembled, in consequence of the 
first election, they shall be divided as 
equally as ma}' be into three classes. 
The seats of the Senators of the first 
class shall be vacated at the expira 
tion of the second year; of the sec 
ond class at the expiration of the, 
fourth year; and of the third class at 
the expiration of the sixth year; so 
that one-third may be chosen every 
second year ; and if vacancies hap 
pen by resignation, or otherwise, 
during the recess of the Legislature 
of any State, the Executive thereof 
may make temporary appointments 
until the next meeting of the Legis 
lature, which shall then fill such va 
cancies. 

3. No person shall be a Senator 
who shall not have attained to the 
age of thirty years, and been nine 
years a citizen of the United States; 
and who shall not, when elected, be 
an inhabitant of that State for which 
he shall be chosen. 

4. The Vice President of the 
United States shall be President of 
the Senate ; but shall have no vote, 
unless they be equally divided. 

5. The Senate shall choose their 
other officers, and also a President 
pro tempore, in the absence of the 
Vice President, or when he shall ex 
ercise the office of President of the 
United States. 

6. The Senate shall have the sole 
power to try all impeachments. When 
sitting for that purpose, they shall be 
on oath or affirmation. When the 
President of the United States is 
tried, the Chief Justice shall preside; 
and no person shall be convicted 
without the concurrence of two-thirds 
of the members present. 

7. Judgment in case of impeach 
ment shall not extend further than 
to removal from office, and disquali 
fication to hold'and enjoy any office 
of honor, trust, or profit, under the 
United States; but the party con 
victed shall, nevertheless, be liable 
and subject to indictment, trial, judg- 

judgment and punishment according 
to law. 

SECTION IV. 

1. The times, places and manner 
of holding elections for Senators and 
Representatives shall be prescribed 
in each State by the Legislature 
thereof, subject to the provisions of 
this' Constitution ; but the Congress 
may, at any time, by law, make or 
alter such regulations, except as to 
the times and places of choosing 
Senators. 

2. The Congress shall assemble at 
least once in every year; and such 
meeting shall be on the first Monday 
in December, unless they shall, by 
law, appoint a different day. 

SECTION v. 

1. Each House shall be the judge 
of the elections, returns and qualifi 
cations Kof its own members, and a 
majority of each shall constitute a 
quorum to do business; but a small 
er number may adjourn from day to 
day, and may be authorized to com 
pel the attendance of absent mem 
bers, in such manner, and under such 
penalties, as each House may pro 
vide. 

2. Each House may determine the 
rules of its proceedings, punish its 
members for disorderly behavior, and, 
with the concurrence of two-thirds 
of the whole number, expel a mem 
ber. 

3. Each House shall keep a jour 
nal of its proceedings, and from time 
to time publish the same, excepting 
such parts as may in their judgment 
require secresy; and the yeas and 
navs of the members of either House, 
011 any question, shall, at the desire 
of one-fifth of'those present, be en 
tered on the journal. 

.4. Neither House, during the ses 
sion of Congress, sh'all, without the 
consent of the other, adjourn for 
more than three days, nor to any 
other place than that in -which the 
two Houses shall be sitting. 

ment and punishment, according to 
law. 

SECTION IV. 

1. The times, places, and manner 
of holding elections for Senators and 
Representatives shall be prescribed 
in each State by the Legislature 
thereof; but the Congress may, at 
any time, by law, make or alter such 
regulations, except as to the place of 
choosing Senators. 

2. The Congress shall assemble, at 
least, once in every year; and such 
meeting shall be on the first Monday 
in December, unless they shall, by 
law, appoint a different day. 

SECTION v. 

1. Each House shall be the judge 
of the elections, returns and qualifi 
cations of its own members, and a 
majority of each shall constitute a 
quorum to do business; but a smaller 
number may adjourn ,from day to 
day, and may be authorized to com 
pel the attendance of absent mem 
bers, in such manner and under such 
penalties, as each House may pro 
vide. 

2. Each House may determine the 
rule of its proceedings, punish its 
members for disorderly behavior, and, 
with the concurrence of two-thirds, 
expel a member. 

3. Each House shall keep a jour 
nal of its proceedings, and from time 
to time publish the same, excepting 
such parts as may in their judgment 
require secresy; and the yeas and 
nays of the members of either House, 
on any question, shall, at the desire 
of one-fifth of those present, be en 
tered on the journal. 

4. Neither House, daring the ses 
sion of Congress, shall, without the 
consent of the other, adjourn for 
more than three days, nor to any 
other place than that in which the 
two houses shall be sitting. 

SECTION VI. 

1. The Senators and Representa 
tives shall receive a compensation for 
their services, to be ascertained by 
law, and paid out of the treasury of 
the Confederate States. They shall, 
in all cases, except treason, felony and 
breach of the peace, be privileged 
from arrest during their attendance 
at the session of their respective 
Houses, and in going to and return 
ing from the same; and for any 
speech or debate in either House, 
they shall not be questioned in any 
other place. 

2. No Senator or Representative 
shall, during the time for which he 
was elected, be appointed to any 
civil office under the authority of the 
Confederate States, which shall have 
been created, or the emoluments 
whereof shall have been increased 
during such time; and no person hold 
ing any office under the Confederate 
States shall be a member of either 
House during his continuance in 
office. But Congress may, by law, 
grant to the principal officer in each 
of the Executive Departments a seat 
upon the floor of either House, with 
the privilege of discussing any meas 
ure appertaining to his department. 

SECTION VII. 

1. All bills for raising revenue shall 
originate in the House of Represen 
tatives ; but the Senate may propose 
or concur with amendments, as on 
other bills. 

2. Every bill, which shall have 
passed both Houses, shall, before it 
becomes a law, be presented to the 
President of the Confederate States ; 
if he approve, he shall sign it; but if 
not, he shall return it, with his ob 
jections, to that House in which it 
shall have originated, who shall enter 
the objections at large on their jour 
nal and proceed to reconsider it. If, 
after such reconsideration, two-thirds 
of that House shall agree to pass the 
bill, it shall be sent, together with 
the objections, to the other House, 
by which it shall likewise be recon 
sidered, and if approved by two- 

SECTION VI. 

1. The Senators and Representa 
tives shall receive a compensation for 
their services, to be ascertained by 
law, and paid out of the treasury of 
the United States. They shall, in 
all cases, except treason, felony, and 
breach of the peace, be privileged 
from arrest during their attendance 
at the session of their respective 
Houses, and in going to or returning 
from the same; and for any speech 
or debate in either House, they shall 
not be questioned in any other place. 

2. No Senator or Representative 
shall, during the time for which he 
was elected, be appointed to any 
civil office under the authority of the 
United States, which shall have been 
created, or the emoluments whereof 
shall have been increased, during 
such time; and no person holding 
any office under the United States 
shall be a member of either House 
during his continuance in office. 

SECTION VII. 

1. All bills for raising revenue shall 
originate in the House of Represen 
tatives; but the Senate may propose 
or concur with amendments, as on 
other bills. 

2. Every bill which shall have 
passed the House of Representatives 
and the Senate shall, before it be 
come a law, be presented to the 
President of the United States; it 
he approve, he shall sign it; but if 
not, he shall return it, with his ob 
jections, to that House in which it 
shall have originated, who shall enter 
the objection at large on their jour 
nal, and proceed to reconsider it. If, 
after such reconsideration, two-thirds 
of that House shall agree to pass the 
bill, it shall be sent, together with 
the objections, to the other House, 
by which it shall likewise be recon- 

b 

thirds of that House, it shall become 
a law. But, in all such cases, the 
votes of both Houses shall be deter 
mined by yeas and nays, and the 
names of the persons voting for and 
against the bill shall be entered on 
the journal of each House respec 
tively. If any bill shall not be re 
turned by the President within ten 
days (Sundays excepted) after it 
shall have been presented to him, 
the same shall be a law, in like man 
ner as if he had signed it, unless the 
Congress, by their adjournment, pre 
vent its return; in which case it shall 
not be a law. The President may 
approve any appropriation and dis 
approve any other appropriation in 
the same bill. In such case he shall, 
in signing the bill, designate the ap 
propriations disapproved; and shall 
return a copy of such appropriations, 
with his objections, to the House in 
which the bill shall have originated; 
and the same proceedings shall then 
be had as in case of other bills dis 
approved by the President. 

3. Every order, resolution or vote, 
to which the concurrence of both 
Houses may be necessary (except on 
a question of adjournment), shall be 
presented to the President of the 
Confederate States; and before the 
same shall take effect, shall be ap 
proved by him; or being disapproved 
by him, shall be repassed by two- 
thirds of both Houses, according to 
the rules and limitations prescribed 
iii case of a bill. 

SECTION VIII. 

sidered, and if approved by two- 
thirds of that House, it shall become 
a law. But, in all such cases, the 
votes of both Houses shall be deter 
mined by yeas and nays, and the 
names of the persons voting for and 
against the bill shall be entered on 
the journal of each House respec 
tively. If any bill shall not be re 
turned by the President within ten 
clays (Sundays excepted) after it 
shall have been presented to him, 
the same shall be a law in like man 
ner as if he had sign edit, unless the 
Congress, by their adjournment, pre 
vent its return, in which case it shall 
not be a law. 

3. Every order, resolution, or vote, 
to which the concurrence of the Sen 
ate and House of Representatives 
may be necessary, (except a ques 
tion of adjournment,) shall be pre 
sented to the President of the United 
States; and before the same shall 
take effect, shall be approved by 
him, or being disapproved by him, 
shall be repassed by two-thirds of 
the Senate and House of Kspresen- 
tatives, according to the rules and 

! limitations prescribed in the case of a 

1 bill. 

The Congress shall have power— 
1. To lay and collect taxes, duties, 
imposts arid excises, for revenue ne 
cessary to pay the debts, provide for 
the common defence, and to carry 
on the government of the Confeder 
ate States; but no bounties shall be 
granted from the treasury; nor shall 
any duties or taxes on importations 
from foreign nations be laid to pro 
mote or foster any branch of indus- i 
try; and all duties, imposts and ex- j 

SECTION VIII. 

The Congress shall have power— 
1. To lay and collect taxes, duties, 
imposts and excises, to pay the debts 
and provide for the common defence 
and general welfare of the United 
States ; but all duties, imposts and 
excist-s shall be uniform throughout 
the United States: 

eises shall be uniform throughout the 
Confederate States: 

2. To borrow money on the credit 
of the Confederate States : 

3. To regulate commerce with for 
eign nations, and among the several 
States, and with the Indian tribes; 
but neither this, nor any other clause 
contained in the Constitution, shall 
ever be construed to delegate the 
power to Congress to appropriate 
money for any internal improvement 
intended to facilitate commerce ; ex 
cept for the purpose of furnishing 
lights, beacons, and buoys, and other 
aids to navigation upon the coasts, 
and the improvement of harbors and 
the removing of obstructions in river 
navigation, in all which cases, such 
duties shall be laid on the navigation 
facilitated thereby, as may be neces 
sary to pay the costs and expenses 
thereof: 

4. To establish uniform laws of 
naturalization, and uniform laws on 
the subject of bankruptcies, through 
out the Confederated States, but no 
law of Congress shall discharge any 
debt contracted before the passage of 
the same: 

5. To coin money, regulate the 
value- thereof and of foreign coin, 
and fix the standard of weights and 
measures: 

6. To provide for the punishment 
of counterfeiting the securities and 
current coin of the Confederate 
States: 

7. To establish post-offices and 
post-routes ; but the expenses of the 
Post-office Department, after the first 
day of March, in the year of our 
Lord eighteen hundred and sixty- 
three, shall be paid out of its own 
revenues: 

8. Tij promote the progress of 
science and useful arts, by securing 
for limited times to authors and in 
ventors the exclusive right to their 
respective writings and discoveries: 

9. To constitute tribunals inferior 
to the Supreme Court: 

10. To define and punish piracies 
and felonies committed on the high 
seas, and offences against the law of 
nations: 

2. To borrow money on the credit 
of the United States: 

3. To regulate commerce with for 
eign nations, and among the several 
States, and with the Indian tribes : 

4. To establish a uniform rule of 
naturalization, and uniform laws on 
the subject of bankruptcies, through 
out the United States: 

5. To coin money, regulate the 
value thereof, and of foreign coin, 
and fix the standard of weights and 
measures: 

6. To provide for the punishment 
of counterfeiting the securities and 
current coin of the United States: 

7. To establish post-offices and 
post-roads : 

8. To promote the progress of 
science and useful arts, by securing 
for limited times to authors and in 
ventors the exclusive right to their 
respective writings and discoveries: 

9. To constitute tribunals inferior 
to the Supreme Court: 

10. To define and punish piracies 
and felonies committed on the high 
seas, and offences against the law of 
nations: 

9 

11. To declare war, grant letters 
of marque and reprisal, and make 
rules concerning captures on land 
and water: 

12. To raise and support armies; 
but no appropriation of money to 
that use shall be for a longer term 
than two years: 

13. To provide and maintain a 
navy: 

14. To make rules for the govern 
ment and regulation of the land and 
naval forces: 

15. To provide for calling forth 
the militia to execute the laws of the 
Confederate States, suppress insur 
rections, and repel invasions: 

16. To provide for organizing, 
arming and disciplining the militia, 
and for governing such part of them 
as may be employed in the service of 
the Confederate States; reserving to 
the States, respectively, the appoint 
ment of the officers, and the author 
ity of training the militia according 
to the discipline prescribed by Con 
gress: 

17. To exercise exclusive legisla 
tion, in all cases whatsoever, over 
such district (not exceeding ten miles 
square) as may, by cession of one or 
more States and the acceptance of 
Congress, become the seat of the 
Government of the Confederate 
States; and to exercise like authority 
over all places purchased by the con 
sent of the Legislature of the State 
in which the same shall be, for the 
erection of forts, magazines, arsenals, 
dockyards, and other needful build 
ings: and 

18. To make all laws which shall 
be necessary and proper for carry 
ing into execution the foregoing 
powers, and all other powers vested 
by this Constitution in the govern 
ment of the Confederate States, or 
in any department or officer thereof. 

SECTION IX. 

1. The importation of negroes of 
the African race, from any foreign 
country, other than the slaveholding 
States or Territories of the United 
States of America, is hereby forbid- 

11. To declare war, grant letters 
of marque and reprisal, and make 
rules concerning captures on land 
and water: 

12. To raise and support armies; 
but no appropriation of money to 
that use shall be for a longer term 
than two years: 

13. To provide and maintain a 
navy : 

14. To make rules for the govern 
ment and regulation of the land and 
naval forces: 

15. To provide for calling forth 
the militia to execute the laws of the 
Union, suppress insurrections, and 
repel invasions: / 

16. To provide for organizing, 
arming, and disciplining the militia, 
and for governing such part of them 
as may be employed in the service of 
the United States, reserving to the 
States, respectively, the 'appointment 
of the officers and the authority of 
training the militia according to the 
discipline prescribed by Congress: 

17. To exercise exclusive legisla 
tion, in all cases whatsoever, over 
such district (not exceeding ten miles 
square) as may, by cession of parti 
cular States and the acceptance of 
Congress, become the.seat of Govern 
ment of the United States, and to 
exercise like authority over all places 
purchased by the consent of the 
Legislature of the State in which the 
same shall be, for the erection of 
forts, magazines, arsenals, dockyards, 
and other needful buildings: and, 

18. To make all laws which shall 
be necessary and proper for carry 
ing into execution the foregoing 
powers, and all other powers vested 
by this Constitution in the Govern 
ment of the United States, or any 
department or officer thereof. 

SECTION IX. 

1. The migration or importation of 
such persons as any of the States 
now existing shall think proper to 
admit, shall not be prohibited by the 
Congress prior to the year one thous- 

den ; and Congress is required to 
pass such laws as shall effectually 
prevent the same. 

2. Congress shall also have power 
to prohibit the introduction of slaves 
from any State not a member of, or 
Territory not belonging to, this Con 
federacy. 

3. The privilege of the writ of 
habeas corpus shall not be suspended, 
unless when in cases of rebellion or 
invasion the public safety may re 
quire it. 

4. No bill of attainder, ex post 
facto law, or law denying or impair 
ing the right of property in negro 
slaves, shall be passed. 

5. No capitation or other direct 
tax shall be laid unless in proportion 
to the census or enumeration herein 
before directed to be taken. 

6. No tax or duty shall be laid on 
articles exported from any State, ex 
cept by a vote of twcrthirds of both 
Houses. 

7. No preference shall be given by 
any regulation of commerce or rev 
enue to the ports of one State over 
those of another. 

8. No money shall be drawn from j 
the treasury, but in consequence of j 
appropriations made by law; and a 
regular statement and account of the 
receipts and expenditures of all pub 
lic money shall be published from 
time to time. 

9. Congress shall appropriate no 
money from the treasury except by 
a vote of two-thirds of both Houses, 
taken by yeas and nays, unless it be 
asked and estimated for by some one 
of the heads of department, and sub 
mitted to Congress by the President; 
or for the purpose of paying its own 
expenses and contingencies; or for 
the payment of claims against the 
Confederate States, the justice of 
which shall have been judicially 
declared by a tribunal for the in 
vestigation of claims against the Gov 
ernment, which it is hereby made the 
duty of Congress to establish. 

10. All bills appropriating money 
shall specify, in Federal currency, 
the exact amount of each appropria- 

and eight hundred and eight, but a 
tax or duty may be imposed on such 
importation, not exceeding ten dol 
lars for each person. 

2. The privilege of the writ of 
| habeas corpus shall not be suspended 
| unless when, in case of rebellion or 
invasion, the public safety may re 
quire it. 

3. No bill of attainder, or ex post 
facto law, shall be passed. 

4. No capitation or other direct 
tax shall be laid, unless in proportion, 
to the census or enumeration herein 
before directed to be taken. 

5. No tax or duty shall be laid on 
articles exported from any State. 
No preference shall bo given, by any 
regulation of commerce or revenue, 
to the ports of one State over those 
of another; nor shall vessels bound 
to or from one State be obliged to 
enter, clear, or pay duties in another. 

6. No money shall be drawn from 
the treasury but in consequence of 
appropriations made by law ; and a 
regular statement and account of the 
receipts and expenditures of all pub 
lic money shall be published from 
time to time. 

10 

11 

tion, and the, purposes for which it is 
made; and Congress shall grant no 
extra compensation to any public 
contractor, officer, agent, or servant, 
after such contract shall have been 
made, or such service rendered. 

11. No title of nobility shall be 
granted by the Confederate States; 
and no person holding any office of 
profit or trust under them shall, with- 

7. No title of nobility shall be 
granted by the United States, and 
no person holding any office of profit 
or trust under them shall, without 

out the consent of the Congress, ac- j the consent of Congress, accept of 
cept of any present, emolument, j any present, emolument, office, 'or 
office or title, of any kind whatever, ! title of any kind whatever, from any 

from any king, prince, or forei 
State. ' " 

12. Congress shall make no law 
respecting an establishment of reli 
gion, or prohibiting the free exercise 
thereof; or abridging the freedom of 
speech, or of the press; or the right 
of the people peaceably to assemble 
and petition the Government for a 
redress of grievances. 

13. A well-regulated militia being 
necessary to the security of a free 
State, the right of the people to keep 

king, prince, or foreign State. 

1.* Congress shall make no law 
respecting an establishment of reli 
gion, or prohibiting the free exercise 
thereof; or abridging the freedom of 
speech, or of the press; or the right 
of the people peaceably to assemble 
and to petition the Government for a 
redress of grievances. 

2.* A well-regulated militia being 
necessary to the security of a free 
State, the right of the people to keep 

and bear arms shall not be infringed. [ and bear arms shall not be infringed. 

14. No soldier shall, in time of j 3.* No soldier shall, in time of 
peace, be quartered in any house I peace, be quartered in any house 
without the consent of the owner; ] without the consent of the owner; 
nor in time of war, but in a manner 
to be prescribed by law. 

15. The right of the people to be 

secure in their persons, houses, pa 
pers and effects, against unreasona 
ble searches and seizures, shall not 
be violated; and no warrants shall 

nor in time of war, but in a manner 
to be prescribed by law. 

4.* The right of the people to be 

secure in their persons, houses, pa 
pers and effects, against unreasona 
ble searches and seizures, shall not 
be violated; and no warrants shall 

be searched, and the persons or 
things to be seized. 

18. No person shall be held to 
answer for a capital or otherwise 

issue but upon probable cause, sup- j issue but upon probable cause, sup 
ported by oath or affirmation, and \ ported by oath or affirmation, and 
particularly describing the place to j particularly describing the place to 

i be searched, and the persons or 
things to be seized. 

.* No person shall be held to 
wer for a capital or otherwise 

infamous crime, unless on a present- \ infamous crime, unless on a present 
ment or indictment of a grand jury, : ment or indictment of a grand jury, 
except in cases arising in the land or except in cases arising in the land or 
naval forces, or in the militia, when naval forces, or in the militia, when 
in actual service, in time of war or in actual service, in time of war or 
public danger; nor shall any person public danger; nor shall any person 
be subject, for the same offence, to j be subject, for the same offence, to 
be twice put in jeopardy of life or j be put twice in jeopardy of life or 
limb ; nor be compelled, in any crim- j limb; nor shall be compelled, in- any 
inal case, to be a witness against j criminal case, to be witness against 
himself; nor be deprived of life, lib- j himself; nor be deprived of life, liber- 
erty or property, without due process j ty, or property, without due process 

* Amendment. 

M./' 

of law; nor shall private property 
be taken for public use, without just 
compensation. 

17. In all criminal prosecutions, 
the accvised shall enjoy the right to 
a speedy and public trial, by an im 
partial jury of the State and district 
wherein the crime shall have been 
committed, which district shall have 
been previously ascertained by law, 
and to be informed of the nature and 
cause of the accusation; to be con 
fronted with the witnesses against 
him ; to have compulsory process for 
obtaining witnesses in his favor; and 
to have the assistance of counsel for 
his defence. 

18. In suits at common law, where 
the value in controversy shall exceed 
twenty dollars, the right of trial by 
jury shall be preserved; and no fact 
so tried by a jury shall be otherwise 
re-examined in any court of the Con 
federacy, than according to the rules 
of the common law. 

19. Excessive bail shall not be re 
quired, nor excessive fines imposed, 
nor cruel and unusual punishments 
inflicted. 

20. Every law or resolution hav 
ing the force of law, shall relate to 
but one subject, and that shall be 
expressed in the title. 

SECTION x. 

1. No State shall enter into any 
treaty, alliance, or confederation; 
grant letters of marque and reprisal; 
coin money ; make anything but gold 
and silver coin a tender in payment 
of debts; pass any bill of attainder, 
or ex post facto law, or law impairing 
the obligation of contracts; or grant 
any title of nobility. 

2. No State shall, without the con 
sent of the Congress, lay any im 
posts or duties on imports or exports, 
except what may be absolutely ne 
cessary for executing its inspection 
laws; and the net produce of all 
duties and imposts, laid by any State 
on imports or exports, shall be for 
the use of the treasury of the Con 
federate States; and all such laws 

* Amen 

of law ; nor shall private property 
be taken for public use without just 
compensation. 

6.* In all criminal prosecutions the 
accused shall enjoy the right to a 
speedy and public trial, by an impar 
tial jury of the State and district 
wherein the crime shall have been 
committed, which district shall have 
been previously ascertained by law, 
and to be informed of the nature and 
cause of the accusation; to be con 
fronted with the witnesses against 
him; to have compulsory process for 
obtaining witnesses in his favor; and 
to have the assistance of counsel for 
his defence. 

7.* In suits at common law, where 
the value in controversy shall exceed 
twenty dollars, the right of trial by 
jury shall be preserved; and no fact 
tried by jury shall be otherwise re- 
examined" in any court of the United 
States than according to the rules of 
the common law. 

8.* Excessive bail shall not be re 
quired, nor excessive fines imposed, 
nor cruel ancl unusual punishments 
inflicted. 

SECTION X. 

1. No State shall enter into any 
treaty, alliance, or confederation; 
grant letters of marque and reprisal; 
coin money, emit bills of credit; 
make anything but gold and silver 
coin a tender in payment of debts; 
pass any bill of attainder, ex post 
facto law, or law impairing the obli 
gation of contracts; or grant any 
title of nobility. 

2. No State shall, without the con 
sent of Congress, lay any imposts or 
duties on imports or exports, except 
what may be absolutely necessary 
for executing its inspection laws; 
and the nett produce of all craties 
and imposts laid by any State on 
imports or exports, shall be for the 
use of the treasury of the United 
States, and all such laws shall bo 

clment. 

12 

sliall be subject to the revision and 
control of Congress. 

3. No State shall, without the con 
sent of Congress, lay any duty on 
tonnage, except on sea-going vessels, 
for the improvement of its rivers and 
harbors navigated by the said ves 
sels ; but such duties shall not con- ! 
flict with any treaties of the Confed- I 
crate States with foreign nations, | 
and any surplus revenue, thus de 
rived, shall, after making such im 
provement, be paid into the common 
treasury; nor shall any State keep 
troops or ships of war in time of 
peace, enter into any agreement or 
compact with another State, or with 
a foreign power, or engage in war, 
unless actually invaded, or in such 
imminent danger as will not admit of 
delay. But when any river divides 
or flows through two or more States, 
they may enter into compacts with 
each other to improve the navigation 
thereof. 

subject to the revision and control of 
Congress. 

No State shall, without the con 
sent of Congress, lay any duty on 
tonnage, keep troops or ships of war 
in time of peace, enter into any 
agreement or compact with another 
State, or with a foreign power, or 
engage in war, unless actually in 
vaded, or in such imminent danger 
as will not admit of delay. 

ARTICLE II. 

SECTION I. 

1. The executive power shall be 
vested in a President of the Confed 
erate States of America. He and the 
Vice President shall hold their offices 
for the term of six years; but the 
President shall not be re-eligible. 
The President and Vice President 
shall be elected as follows: 

2. Each State shall appoint, in such 
manner as the Legislature thereof 
may direct, a number of electors 
equal to the whole number of Sena 
tors and Representatives to which 
the State may be entitled in the 
Congress ; but no Senator or Repre 
sentative, or person holding an office 
of trust or profit under the Confeder 
ate States, shall be appointed an ] 
elector. j 

3. The electors shall meet in their ; 
respective States and vote by ballot j 
for President and Vice-President, ' 
one of whom, at least, shall not be an 
inhabitant of the same State with 
themselves ; they shall name in their 
ballots the person voted for as Presi- 

ARTICLE II. 

SECTION I. 

1. The executive power shall be 
vested in a President of the United 
States of America. He shall hold 
his office during the term of four 
years, and, together with the Vice 
President, chosen for the same term, 
be elected as follows :— 

2. Each State shall appoint, in 
such manner as the legislature there 
of may direct, a number of electors, 
equal to the whole number of Sena 
tors and Representatives to which 
the State may be entitled in Con 
gress ; but no Senator or Represen 
tative, or person holding any office 
of trust or profit under the United 
States, shall be appointed an elector. 

Art. 12, § 1.* The ejectors shall 
meet in their respective States, and 
vote by ballot for President and Vice 
President, one of whom, at least, shall 
not be an inhabitant of the same State 
with themselves; they shall name in 
their ballots the person voted for as 

Amendment. 

13 

dent, and in distinct ballots the per 
son voted for as Vice-President, and 
they shall make distinct lists of all 
persons voted for as President, and j 
of all persons voted for as Vice-Pre 
sident, and of the number of votes for 
each, which list they shall sign and cer 
tify, and transmit, sealed, to the seat 
of the government of the Confederate 
States, directed to the President of 
the Senate; the President of the 
Senate shall, in the presence of the 
Senate and House of Representatives, 
open all the certificates, and the 
votes shall then be counted; the 
person having the greatest number 
of votes for President shall be the 
President, if such number be a ma 
jority of the whole number of elec 
tors appointed; and if no person 
have such majority, then, from the 
persons having the highest numbers, 
not exceeding three, on the list of 
those voted for as President, the 
House of Representatives shall choose 
immediately, by ballot, the President. 
But in choosing the President, the 
votes shall be taken by States, the 
representation from each State hav 
ing one vote; a quorum for this pur 
pose shall consist of a member or 
members from two-thirds' of the 
• States, and a majority of all the 
States shall be necessary to a choice. 
And if the House of Representatives 
shall not choose a President, when 
ever the right of choice shall devolve 
upon them, before the fourth day of 
March next following, then the Vice- 
President shall act as President,- as 
in case of the death, or other consti 
tutional disability of the President. 

4. The person having the greatest 
number of votes as Vice-President 
shall be the Vice-President, if such 
number be a majority of the whole 
number of electors appointed; and, 
if no person have a majority, then, 
from the two highest numbers on the 
list, the Senate shall choose the Vice- 
President ; a quorum for the purpose 
shall consist of two-thirds of the 
whole number of Senators, and a 
majority of the whole number shall 
be necessary to a choice. 

5. But no person constitutionally 

President, and in distinct ballots the 
person voted for as Vice-President; 
and they shall make distinct lists of all 
persons voted for as President, and 
of all persons voted for as Vice Presi 
dent, and of the number of votes for 
each, which list they shall sign and 
certify, and transmit sealed to the 
seat of the government of the United 
States, directed to the President of 
the Senate; the President of the 
Senate shall, in the presence of the 
Senate and House of Representa 
tives, open all the certificates, and 
the votes shall then be counted ; _the 
person having the greatest number 
of votes for President shall be the 
President, if such number be a ma 
jority of the whole number of electors 
appointed; and if no person have 
such a majority, then from the per 
sons having the highest numbers, not 
exceeding three, on the list of those 
voted for as President, the House of 
Representatives shall choose imme 
diately by ballot the President. But 
in choosing the President, the votes 
shall be taken by States, the repre 
sentation from each State having one 
vote ; a quorum for this purpose shall 
consist of a member or members 
from two-thirds of the States, and 
a majority of all the States shall 
be necessary to a choice. And if 
the House of Representatives shall 
not choose a President whenever the 
right of choice shall devolve upon 
them, before the fourth day of March 
next following, then the Vice Presi 
dent shall act as President, as in the 
case of the death or other constitu 
tional disability of the President. 

2.* The person having the greatest 
number of votes as Vice President, 
shall be the Vice President, if 
such number be a majority of the 
whole number of electors appointed ; 
and if no person have a majority, 
then from the two highest numbers 
on the list the Senate shall choose 
the Vice President: a quorum for 
the purpose shall consist of two-thirds 
of the whole number of Senators, 
and a majority of the whole number 
shall be necessary to a choice. 

3.* But no person constitutionally 

Amendment. 

14 

ineligible to the office of President 
shall be eligible to that of Vice-Pre 
sident of the Confederate States. 

6. The Congress may determine 
the time of choosing the electors, and 
the day on which they shall give their 
votes; which day shall be the same 
throughout the Confederate States. 

7. No person, except a natural 
born citizen of the Confederate 
States, or a citizen thereof, at the 
time of the adoption of this Constitu 
tion, or a citizen thereof born in the 
United States prior to the 20th of 
December, 1860, shall be eligible to 
the office of President; neither shall 
any person be eligible to that office 
who shall not have attained the age 
of thirty-five years,' and been four 
teen years a resident within the lim- j 
its of the Confederate States as they ! 
may exist at the time of his election. 

ineligible to the office of President 
shall be eligible to that of Vice-Pre 
sident of the United States. 

4. The Congress may determine 
the time of choosing the electors and 
the day on which they shall give their 
votes, which day shall be the same 
throughout the United States. 

5. No person, except a natural- 
born citizen, or a citizen of the United 
States at the time of the adoption of 
this Constitution, shall be eligible to 
the office of President; neither shall 
any person be eligible to that office 
who shall not have attained to the 
age of thirty-five years, and been 
fourteen years a resident within the 
United States. 

8. In ease of the removal of the 
President from office, or of his death, 
resignation, or inability to discharge 
the powers and duties of the said 
office, the same shall devolve on the 
Vice-President; and the Congress 
may, by law, provide for the case of 
removal, death, resignation, or ina- 
ability both of the President and 
Vice-President, declaring what officer 
shall then act as President, and such 
officer shall act accordingly until the 
disability be removed or a President 
shall be elected. 

9. The President shall, at stated 
times, receive for his services a com 
pensation, which shall neither be in 
creased nor diminished during the 
period for which he shall have been 
elected; and he shall not receive 
within that period any other emolu 
ment from the Confederate States, or 
any of them. . ] 

10. Before he enters on the execu 
tion of his office, he shall take the 
following oath or affirmation: 

" I do solemnly swear (or affirm) 
that I will faithfully execute the office 
of President of the Confederate 
States, and will, to the best of my 
ability, preserve, protect, and defend 
the Constitution thereof." 

6. In case of the removal of the 
| President from office, or of his death, 
resignation, or inability to discharge 
the powers and duties of the said 
office, the same shall devolve on the 
Vice-President; and the Congress 
may by law provide for the case of 
removal, death, resignation, or ina 
bility, both of the President and Vice- 
President, declaring what officer shall 
then act as President; and such offi 
cer shall act accordingly, until the 
disability be removed or a President 
shall be elected. 

7. The President shall, at stated 
times, receive for his services a com 
pensation, which shall neither be in 
creased nor diminished during the 
period for which he shall have been 
elected, and he shall not receive 
i within that period any other emolu- 
! ment from the United States, or any 
' of them. 

8. Before he enters on the execu 
tion of his office, he shall take the 
following oath or affirmation : 

" I do solemnly swear (or affirm) 
that I will faithfully execute the office 
of President of the United States, 
and will, to the best of my ability, 
preserve, protect, and defend the 
Constitution of the United States." 

15 

SECTION II. 

1. The President shall be com- 
mander-in-chief of the army and navy 
of the Confederate States, and of the 
militia of the several States, when 
called into the actual service of the 
Confederate States ; he may require 
the opinion, in writing, of the princi 
pal officer in each of the Executive 
Departments, and upon any subject 
relating to the duties of their respec 
tive offices ; and he shall have power 
to grant reprieves and pardons for 
offences against the Confederate 
States, except in cases of impeach 
ment. 

2. He shall have power, by and with 
the advice and consent of the Senate, 
to make treaties, provided two-thirds 
of the Senators present concur; and 
he shall nominate, and by and with 
the advice and consent of the Senate, 
shall appoint ambassadors, other pub 
lic ministers and consuls, Judges of 
the Supreme Court, and all other 
officers of the Confederate States, 
whose appointments are not herein 
otherwise provided for, and which | 
shall be established by law ; but the j 
Congress may, by law, vest the ap 
pointment of such inferior officers, 
as they think proper, in the Presi 
dent alone, in the courts of law, or 
in the heads of Departments. 

3. The principal officer in each of 
the Executive Departments, and all 
persons connected with the diploma 
tic service, may be removed from 
office at the pleasure of the Presi 
dent. All other civil officers of the 
Executive Department may be re 
moved at any time by" the President, 
or other appointing power, when 
their services are unnecessary, or for 
dishonesty, incapacity, inefficiency, 
misconduct, or neglect of duty ; and 
when so removed, the removal shall 
be reported to the Senate, together 
with the reasons therefor. 

4. The President shall have power 
to fill all vacancies that may happen 
during the recess of the Senate, by 
granting commissions which shall ex 
pire at the end of their next session : 
but no person rejected by the Senate 

SECTION II. 

1. The President shall be com- 
mander-in-chief of the army and navy 
of the United States, and of the 
militia of the several States when 
called into the actual service of the 
United States; he may require the 
opinion in writing of the principal 
officer in each of the executive de 
partments, upon any subject relating 
to the duties of their respective offices; 
and he shall have power to grant re 
prieves and pardons for offences 
against the United States, except in 
cases of impeachment. 

2. He shall have power, by and 
with the advice and consent of the 
Senate, to make treaties, provided 
two-thirds of the Senators present, 
concur; and he shall nominate, and 
by and with the advice and consent 
of the Senate, shall appoint ambassa 
dors, other public ministers and con 
suls, Judges of the Supreme Court, 
and all other officers of the United 
States, whose appointments are not 
herein otherwise provided for, and 
which shall be established by law. 
But the Congress may by law vest 
the appointment of such inferior offi 
cers as they think proper in the Pre 
sident alone, in the courts of law, or 
in the heads of Departments. 

3. The President shall have power 
to fill up all vacancies that may hap 
pen during the recess of the Senate, 
by granting commissions, -which shall 
expire at the end of their nexf session. 

16 

shall be re-appointed to the same 
office during their ensuing recess. 

SECTION III. 

1. The President shall, from time 
to time, give to the Congress infor 
mation of the State of the Confeder 
acy, and recommend to their consid 
eration such measures as he shall 
judge necessary and expedient; he 
may, on extraordinary occasions, 
convene both Houses, or either of 
them; and in case of disagreement 
between them, with respect to the 
time of adjournment, he may adjourn 
them to such a time as he shall think 
proper ; he shall receive ambassadors 
and other public ministers ; he shall 
take care that the laws be faithfully 
executed, and shall commission all 
the officers of the Confederate States. 

1. The President, Vice-President, 
and all civil officers of the Confeder 
ate States, shall be removed from 
office on impeachment for, and con 
viction of, treason, bribery, or other 
high crimes and misdemeanors. 

ARTICLE III. 

SECTION I. 

1. The judicial power of the Con 
federate States shall be vested in one 
Supreme Court, and in such Inferior 
Courts as the Congress may from 
time to time ordain and establish. 
The judges, both of the Supreme and 
Inferior Courts, shall hold their offices 
during good behavior, and shall, at 
stated times, receive for their services 
a compensation, which shall not be 
diminished during their continuance 
ia office. 

SECTION II. 

1. The judicial power shall extend 
to all cases arising under this Consti 
tution, the laws of the Confederate 
States, and treaties made or which 
shall be made under their authority; 
to all cfcses affecting ambassadors, 
other public ministers and consuls; 

SECTION III. 

1. He shall, from time to time, give 
to Congress information of the state 
of the Union, and recommend to their 
consideration such measures as he 
shall judge necessary and expedient; 
he may, on extraordinary occasions, 
convene both Houses, or either of 
them; and in case of disagreement 
between them, with respect to the 
time of adjournment, he may adjourn 
them to such time as he shall think 
proper ; he shall receive ambassadors 
and other public ministers ; lie shall 
take care that the laws be faithfully 
executed; and shall commission all 
the officers of the United States. 

SECTION IV. 

1. The President, Vice-Presideat, 
and all civil officers of the United 
States, shall be removed from office 
on impeachment for, and conviction 
of treason, bribery, or other high 
crimes and misdemeanors. 

ARTICLE III. 

SECTION I. 

1. The judicial power of the United 
States shall be vested in one Supreme 
Court, and in such Inferior Courts as 
Congress may, from time to time 
order and establish. The judges, 
both of the Supreme and Inferior 
Courts, shall hold their offices during 
good behaviour ; and shall, at stated 
times, receive for their services a com 
pensation, which shall not be dimin 
ished during their continuance in 
office. 

1. The judicial power shall extend 
to all cases in law and equity arising 
under this Constitution, the laws of 
the United States, and treaties made, 
or which shall be made, under their 
authority; to all cases affecting am 
bassadors, other public ministers and 

17 

to all cases of admiralty and mari 
time jurisdiction ; to controversies to 
which the Confederate States shall 
be a party; to controversies between 
two or more States ; between a State 
and citizens of another State where 
the State is plaintiff; between citi 
zens claiming lands under grants of 
different States, and between a State 
or the citizens thereof, and foreign 
States, citizens or subjects ; but no 
State shall be sued by a citizen or 
subject of any foreign State. 

2. In all cases affecting ambassa 
dors, other public ministers, and con 
suls, and those in which a State shall 
be a party, the Supreme Court shall 
have original jurisdiction. In all the 
other cases before mentioned, the 
Supreme Court shall have appellate 
jurisdiction, both as to law and fact, 
with such exceptions, and under such 
regulations, as the Congress shall 
make. 

3. The trial of all crimes, except 
in cases of impeachment, shall be by 
jury, and such trial shall be held in 
the State where the said crimes shall 
have been committed ; but when not 
committed within any State, the trial 
shall be at such place or places as 
the Congress may by law have di 
rected. 

SECTION III. 

1. Treason against the Confederate 
States shall consist only in levying 
war against them, or in adhering to 
their enemies, giving them aid and 
comfort. No person shall be con 
victed of treason unless on the testi 
mony of two witnesses to the same 
overt act, or on confession in open 
court. 

2. The Congress shall have power 
to declare the punishment of treason, 
but no attainder of treason shall 
work corruption of blood, or forfeit 
ure, except during the life of the 
person attainted. 

ARTICLE IV. 

SECTION I. 

1. Full faith and credit shall be 

2 

consuls ; to all cases of admiralty and 
maritime jurisdiction ; to controver 
sies to which the United States shall 
be a party ; to controversies between 
two or more States; between a State 
and citizens of another State; be 
tween citizens of different States; 
between citizens of the same State 
claiming lands under grants of differ 
ent States; and between a State, or 
the citizens thereof, and foreign 
States, citizens, or subjects. 

2. In all cases affecting ambassa 
dors, other public ministers, and con 
suls, and those in which a State shall 
be a party, the Supreme Court shall 
have original jurisdiction. In all the 
other cases before mentioned, the Su 
preme Court shall have appellate 
jurisdiction, both as to law and fact, 
with such exceptions, and under such 
regulations as Congress shall make. 

3. The trial of all crimes, except 
in cases of impeachment, shall be by 
jury, and such trial shall be held in 
the State where the said crimes shall 
have been committed ; but when not 
committed within any State, the trial 
shall be at such place or places as 
Congress may by law have directed. 

SECTION in. 

1. Treason against the United 
States shall consist only in levying 
war against them, or in adhering to 
their enemies, giving them aid and 
comfort. No person shall be con 
victed of treason, unless on the testi 
mony of two witnesses to the same 
overt act, or confession in open court. 

2. Congress shall have power to 
declare the ptmishment of treason ; 
but no attainder of treason shall 
work corruption of blood, or forfeit 
ure, except during the life of the 
person attainted. 

ARTICLE IV. 

SECTION 1. 

1. Full faith and credit shall be 

18 

given in each State to the public 
acts, records and judicial proceedings 
of every other State. And the Con 
gress may, by general laws, prescribe 
the manner in which such acts, rec 
ords and proceedings shall be proved, 
and the effect thereof. 

SECTION II. 

1. The citizens of each State shall 
be entitled to all the privileges and 
immunities of citizens in the several 
States, and shall have the right of 
transit and sojourn in any State of 
this Confederacy, with their slaves 
and other property; and the right 
of property in said slaves shall not 
be thereby impaired. 

2. A person charged in any State 
with treason, felony, or other crime 
against the laws of such State, who 
shall flee from justice, and be found i 
in another State, shall, on demand 
of the Executive authority of the 
State from which he fled, be deliv 
ered up to be removed to the State 
having jurisdiction of the crime. 

3. No slave or other person held 
to service or labor in any State or 
Territory of the Confederate States, 
under the laws thereof, escaping or 
lawfully carried into another, shall, 
in consequence of any law or regu 
lation therein, be discharged from 
such service or labor; but shall be 
delivered up on claim of the party 
to whom such slave belongs, or to 
whom such service or labor may be 
due. 

SECTION III. 

1. Other States may be admitted 
into this Confederacy by a vote of 
two-thirds of the whole House of 
Representatives, and two-thirds of 
the Senate, the Senate voting by 
States ; but no new State shall be 
formed or erected within the juris 
diction of any other State ; nor any 
State be formed by the junction of 
two or more States, or parts of States, 
without the consent of the Legisla 
tures of the States concerned, as 
well as of the Congress. 

given in each State to the public 
acts, records and judicial proceedings 
of every other State. And Congress 
may, by general laws, prescribe the 
manner in which such acts, records 
and proceedings shall be proved, and 
the effect thereof. 

SECTION II. 

1. The citizens of each State shall 
be entitled to all the privileges and 
immunities of citizens in the several 

States. 

2. A person charged in any State 
with treason, felony, or other crime, 
who shall flee from justice and be 
found in another State, shall, on de 
mand of the Executive authority of 
the State from which he fled, be de 
livered up, to be removed to the State 
having jurisdiction of the crime. 

3. No person held to service or 
labor in one State, under the laws 
thereof, escaping into another, shall, 
in consequence of any law or regu 
lation therein, be discharged from 
such service or labor; but shall be 
delivered up on claim of the party 
to whom such service or labor may 
be due. 

SECTION III. 

1. New States may be admitted 
by Congress into this Union ; but no 
new State shall be formed or erected 
within the jurisdiction of any other 
State, nor any State be formed by 
the junction of two or more States, 
or parts of States, without the con 
sent of the Legislatures of the States 
concerned, as well as of Congress. 

19 

2. The Congress shall have power 
to dispose of and make all needful 
rules and regulations concerning the 
property of the Confederate States, 
including the lands thereof. 

3. The Confederate States may 
acquire new territory; and Congress 
shall have power to legislate and 
provide governments for the inhabi 
tants of all territory belonging to 
the Confederate States, lying with 
out the limits of the several States ; 
and may permit them, at such times, 
and in such manner as it may by law 
provide, to form States to be admit 
ted into the Confederacy. In all 
such territory, the institution of negro 
slavery as it now exists in the Con 
federate States, shall be recognized 
and protected by Congress,' and by 
the territorial government; and the 
inhabitants of the several Confed 
erate States and Territories, shall 
have the right to take to such terri 
tory any slaves, lawfully held by them 
in any of the States or territories of 
the Confederate States. 

4. The Confederate States shall 
guarantee to every State that now is 
or hereafter may become a member 
of this Confederacy, a republican 
form of government, and shall pro 
tect each of them against invasion ; 
and on application of the Legislature 
(or of the Executive, when the Leg 
islature is not in session) against do 
mestic violence. 

ARTICLE V. 

1. Upon the demand of any three 
States, legally assembled in their 
several Conventions, the Congress 
shall summon a Convention of all 
the States, to take into consideration 
such amendments to the Constitution 
as the said States shall concur in sug 
gesting at the time when the said de 
mand is made: and should any of the 
proposed amendments to the Consti 
tution be agreed on by the said Con 
vention—voting by States—and the 

2. Congress shall have power to 
dispose of, and make all needful rules 
and regulations respecting the terri 
tory, or other property belonging to 
the United States, and nothing in 
this Constitution shall be so construed 
as to prejudice any claims of the 
United States or of any particular 
State. 

SECTION IV. 

1. The United States shall guar 
antee to every State in this Union a 
republican form of government, and 
shall protect each of them against 
invasion; and, on application of the 
Legislature, or of the Executive 
(when the Legislature cannot be 
convened), against domestic violence. 

ARTICLE V. 

1. Congress, whenever two-thirds 
of both Houses shall deem it neces 
sary, shall propose amendments to 
this Constitution; or, on the appli 
cation of the Legislatures of two- 
thirds of the several States, shall call 
a Convention for proposing amend 
ments, which, in either case, shall 
be valid to all intents and purposes, 
as part of this Constitution, when 
ratified by the Legislatures of three- 
fourths of the several States, or by 

•20 

same be ratified by the Legislatures 
of two-thirds of the several States, 
or by Conventions in two-thirds 
thereof—as the one or the other 
mode of ratification may be proposed 
by the general Convention—they 
shall thenceforward form a part of 
this Constitution. But no State 
shall, without its consent, be deprived 
of its equal representation in. the 
Senate. 

ARTICLE VI. 

1. The Government established by 
this Constitution is the successor of 
the Provisional Government of the 
Confederate States of America, and 
all the laws passed by the latter shall 
continue in force until the same shall 
be repealed or modified ; and all the 
officers appointed by the same shall 
remain in office until their successors 
are appointed and qualified, or the 
offices abolished. 

2. All debts contracted and en 
gagements entered into before the 
adoption of this Constitution shall 
be as valid against the Confederate 
States under this Constitution as un 
der the Provisional Government. 

8. This Constitution, and the laws 
of the Confederate States, made in 
pursuance thereof, and all treaties 
made, or which shall be made, under 
the authority of the Confederate 
States, shall be the supreme law of 
the land; and the judges in every 
State shall be bound thereby, any 
thing in the constitution or laws of 
any State to the contrary notwith 
standing. 

4. The Senators and Representa 
tives before mentioned, and the mem 
bers of the several State Legislatures, 
and all executive and judicial officers, 
both of the Confederate States and 
of the several States, shall be bound 
by oath or affirmation, to support this 
Constitution; but no religious test 
shall ever be required as a qualifica 
tion to any office or public trust un 
der the Confederate States. 

5. The enumeration, in the Con 
stitution, of certain rights, shall not 

Conventions in three-fourths thereof, 
as the one or the other mode of rati 
fication may be proposed by Con 
gress; provided, that no amendment 
which may be made prior to the year 
one thousand eight hundred and 
eight, shall, in any manner, affect the 
first and fourth clauses in the ninth 
section of the first article; and that 
no State, without its consent, shall 
be deprived of its equal suffrage in 
the Senate. 

ARTICLE VI. 

1. All debts contracted, and en 
gagements entered into, before the 
adoption of this Consti'ution, shall 
be as valid against the United States 
under this Constitution, as under the 
Confederation. 

2. This Constitution, and the laws 
of the United States which shall be 
made in pursuance thereof, and all 
treaties made, or which shall be made, 
under the authority of the United 
States, shall be the supreme law of 
the land; and the judges in every 
State shall be bound thereby, any 
thing in the Constitution or laws of 
any^State to the contrary notwith 
standing. 

3. The Senators and Representa 
tives before mentioned, and the mem 
bers of the several State Legislatures, 
and all executive and judicial officers, 
both of the United States and of the 
several States, shall be bound by oath 
or affirmation to support this Consti- 
tion : but no religious test shall ever 
be required as a qualification to any 
office, or public trust, under the 
United States. 

9.* The enumeration in the Con 
stitution of certain rights, shall not 

'* Amendment. 

21 

be construed to deny or disparage 
others retained by the people of the 
several States. 

6. The powers not delegated to 
the Confederate States by the Con 
stitution, nor prohibited by it to the 
States, are reserved to the States, 
respectively, or to the people thereof. 

ARTICLE VII. 

1. The ratification of the Conven 
tions of five States shall be sufficient 
for the establishment of this Consti 
tution between the States so ratify 
ing the same. 

2. When five States shall have 
ratified this Constitution, in the man 
ner above specified, the Congress un 
der the Provisional Constitution shall 
prescribe the time for holding the 
election of President and Vice Presi 
dent ; and, for the meeting of the 
Electoral College ; and, for counting 
the votes, and inaugurating the Pres 
ident. They shall, also, prescribe the 
time for holding the first election of 
members of Congress under this Con 
stitution, and the time for assembling 
the same. Until the assembling of 
such Congress, the Congress under 
the Provisional Constitution shall con 
tinue to exercise the legislative pow 
ers granted them ; not extending 
beyond the time limited by the Con 
stitution of the Provisional Govern 
ment. 

be construed to deny or disparage 
others retained by the people. 

10.* The powers not delegated to 
the United States by the Constitution, 
nor prohibited by it to the States, are 
reserved to the States respectively or 
to the people. 

ARTICLE VII. 

1. The ratification of the Conven 
tions of nine States shall be sufficient 
for the establishment of this Consti 
tution between the States so ratifying 
the same. 

* Amendment, 

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